ABSTRACT
Regional integration is widely acknowledged as a strategic pathway for Africa’s socio-economic transformation, yet its progress has been hindered by weak institutional capacities, overlapping memberships, and limited citizen engagement. This article critically examines the role of inclusive governance as a catalyst for strengthening Africa’s regional integration agenda, drawing comparative insights from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The study argues that inclusive governance anchored in transparency, participation, and responsiveness offers a transformative approach that addresses persistent governance deficits within African Regional Economic Communities (RECs), particularly ECOWAS and SADC. ASEAN’s “consultative and consensus” model, despite its limitations, has demonstrated how dialogue, inclusivity, and flexible institutional arrangements can sustain cooperation among diverse states. Its emphasis on multi-stakeholder consultations, consensus-based decision-making, and adaptive network governance underscores the importance of building legitimacy and trust across member states. By contrast, African RECs often face top-down, elite-driven processes that marginalize citizens, hinder accountability, and slow down implementation of integration commitments. The analysis reveals that embedding inclusivity within Africa’s integration frameworks can significantly enhance legitimacy and collective ownership, thereby improving compliance, resource mobilization, and policy effectiveness. Practical measures such as strengthening institutional coordination, leveraging digital governance tools, and creating participatory platforms for youth, women, and marginalized groups are essential. Moreover, alignment of governance reforms with the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) ensures sustainability and coherence with continental priorities.

ABSTRACT
Infertility poses a profound public health and social challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, disproportionately impacting women who bear the social stigma, marital instability, and economic marginalization associated with childlessness. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), hold transformative promise to restore reproductive autonomy and fulfill the fundamental human right to parenthood. Yet, despite this potential, access to IVF services remains alarmingly limited and inequitable across the region. This disparity is driven by intersecting structural impediments including steep economic costs, weak or uneven legal and policy frameworks, entrenched sociocultural stigma, and under resourced healthcare systems. This article undertakes a rigorous comparative and doctrinal legal analysis grounded in international and regional human rights instruments such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, and the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol). It explores how these normative frameworks interact with national laws, policies, and institutional capacities in four strategically selected countries: South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, and Cameroon. South Africa exemplifies a more progressive and comprehensive ART governance model characterized by constitutional protections for reproductive autonomy, judicial reinforcement of non-discriminatory access, and formal legislative instruments regulating clinic operations and parentage rights. Kenya and Nigeria showcase evolving but fragmented regulatory landscapes challenged by regulatory inertia, limited statutory authority, and heavy reliance on private sector fertility services. Cameroon reflects earlier-stage ART governance constrained by healthcare resource shortages and potent cultural norms shaping reproductive health priorities. Beyond legal frameworks,

ABSTRACT
This study explores the influence of cultural practices on maternal health outcomes in Taraba State, Nigeria, aiming to understand how traditional birthing and postpartum care practices impact maternal mortality and morbidity rates. The study also investigates barriers to accessing modern maternal healthcare services due to cultural beliefs and practices. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing findings from various studies on traditional birth attendants (TBAs), contraceptive use, maternal mortality trends, and integrated maternal health programs. Key findings reveal a persistent reliance on traditional birthing practices facilitated by TBAs, who face significant challenges such as inadequate resources and inconsistent adherence to modern healthcare standards. Cultural and religious factors were identified as major determinants affecting the uptake of modern family planning methods. Integrated maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) programs showed promising results in reducing maternal mortality and improving health outcomes, highlighting the potential of comprehensive healthcare initiatives to overcome cultural barriers. Based on these findings, the study recommends continuous training and support for TBAs, community engagement and education on contraception, implementation of WHO-recommended maternal death reviews and surveillance, and the promotion of cultural competence among healthcare providers. These strategies aim to integrate beneficial cultural practices into modern maternal healthcare frameworks, enhancing maternal health outcomes while respecting and leveraging cultural diversity. By adopting these approaches, stakeholders can improve healthcare access, quality, and outcomes for mothers in Taraba State, fostering a sustainable and culturally sensitive healthcare system.

ABSTRACT
The education of learners nowadays depends on the type of teacher, the location of the lessons, the type of support and documents, in short, several other factors. During this study, the analysis of the contours of teaching in two agricultural schools will be addressed. These are the FASA (Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences) and a Joint Initiative Group GIC (GIC). The first is a faculty having within it the necessary system (opening authorization, classrooms, laboratories, qualified teachers, students having completed secondary school, materials etc.) for the training of learners and the second is an association qualified as a "non-formal" school. When we speak of "non-formal" school, we are referring to non-regulatory schools that most often do not have opening authorizations signed by the supervising Ministry. These are schools in which training remains in the shadows and official information is very weak and often non-existent. We investigated at FASA and in a "traditional school (GIC). The teaching methods and the target audience in these two schools are very different. These observed pedagogical differences reinforce social distancing. We will study the contours according to (Vincent, 1980) of the writing practices requested with regard to the academic model inherited from the "school form".

ABSTRACT
This article aims at shedding light on the practice of recollection of memories in the poems of William Wordsworth. A close observation of Wordsworth’s masterpieces demonstrates that Wordsworth, ‘the high priest of nature’, tries to recapture and reconstruct for his readers the feelings he has derived from various sources. No other poets could exhibit such expertise in the field of workings and significations of recalling in the creative process, whereas, Wordsworth is not in the habit of making ‘a present joy the matter of a song’ (The Prelude, Book-I, Line-47). In fact, writing poems on past memories is a very dominant fact in his creative faculty. Therefore, his experience is not lost, rather revived when the poet's mind is in need of it. His imaginative mind makes the emotions once again ‘flash upon that inward eye’, reconstructs the previous thought and feeling and delights the readers by giving permanent life to his past experience. Wordsworth recaptures in his poems his experiences regarding his family; people encountered by chance, his old friends and his own childhood moments. The poet, in fact, focuses through his verses, the power of past scenes, and incidents over our mind when they are recollected and combined with present thoughts. He holds the notion that incidents, objects, or situations taking place around the natural surroundings get installed in the memory of the poet according to the human feeling of joy, sorrow, fear, or mystery. These experiences themselves possess a power to provoke powerful emotions which thereafter reflect on a tranquil mind of the poet. Then contemplation revives and recreates greater emotion and finally with the colorful threads of imagination the poet knits unique verses. Wordsworth’s best-known poems exemplify his association with past events, how they serve the basis of his creative process, and what influences those memories have in his personal life.

ABSTRACT
Objective: This article aims to examine the impact of tourism on cultural practices, local identities and social relations within communities in the Fako Division, in the south-west region of Cameroon. Methodology: Based on content analysis, this article is qualitative in nature. Primary and contextual data were collected in one of three languages (French, English, Pidgin) from administrative, traditional and religious authorities, tour operators, tourist guides, representatives of NGOs and tourist GICs, directors of cultural affairs, community members and tourists over a period from January 2019 until saturation point was reached. The research was conducted at several tourist sites in the Fako Division. Standard techniques used in development anthropology (direct observation using an observation grid, participant observation, in-depth interviews and group discussions, case studies, life stories, photography) were employed, based on ethical considerations, using interview and observation guides, a camera for taking photographs, a recorder and notebooks. The data collected was grouped and processed using ATLAS.ti software. The theory of social representations developed by Jodelet (1993), Herzlich (1972) and Laplantine (1987) served as a guiding principle for the analysis and interpretation of the data. Results: This was an exploratory qualitative study that examined the role of tourism in local development in Fako. Based on a critical review of recent literature and local case studies (Limbé beaches, Mount Cameroon, National Park, cultural heritage of Buea), the article identified several impacts, the main one being a reduction in unemployment, particularly among young people and women, in rural and peri-urban areas of Fako. Socio-economically, communities benefit directly from the income generated. Direct jobs are created for young people, women and other vulnerable groups within the community. Profits can be reinvested in community development projects (s

ABSTRACT
Muziki wa Benga ni utanzu maarufu nchini Kenya. Hujitambulisha kwa sifa ya mdundo na mapigo ya kasi pamoja na ustadi wa msanii wa kucheza gitaa na kuimba kwa mtindo maalum. Licha ya ustadi wa matumizi ya mtindo katika muziki wa Benga wa jamii ya Wakamba, bado kuna pengo la kitaaluma kuhusiana na uchanganuzi wa kina wa jinsi vipengele vya mtindo katika muziki huu vinavyotumika kuimarisha ujumi. Utafiti huu ulilenga kuchanganua namna mikakati ya mtindo inayotumika katika muziki huu inavyoimarisha ujumi na athari za kijamii. Uchunguzi huu uliongozwa na kielelezo cha nadharia ya Umtindo. Umtindo hufasiri na kuhakiki tungo kwa kuzingatia mtazamo wa kiisimu kama taaluma iliyo na uhusiano wa karibu na fasihi. Uchunguzi wa kimtindo huhusisha namna lugha inavyotumika katika matini ili kujenga maana na athari. Usampulishaji ulifanywa kimakusudi ambapo nyimbo za muziki wa Benga wa jamii ya Wakamba ziliteuliwa. Ukusanyaji wa data ulihusisha upakuaji wa nyimbo za Benga kutoka kwa mtandao wa kijamii wa Youtube na unakili wa mishororo yake. Mbinu ya uchanganuzi matini ilitumika kubainisha mikakati ya kimtindo na kuchanganuliwa kimaelezo kwa kuelekezwa na mihimili ya nadharia ya umtindo. Data zilikuwa ni maneno, dhana, kauli, virai na sentensi zinazotumiwa na waimbaji wa muziki wa Benga wa jamii ya Wakamba zinazohusisha vipengele vya kimtindo. Utafiti uliweza kubaini kuwa waimbaji hao hutumia vipengele vya kimtindo kuimarisha ujumi wa kihalisia, kigothiki, kimapenzi, kisiasa, kitamaduni na ujumi wa kiishara. Utafiti huu unasisitiza uhusiano thabiti baina ya muziki, utamaduni na lugha katika jamii, ukionyesha dhima ya ujumi katika kuwasilisha ujumbe kwa jamii. Utafiti huu ni muhimu katika kuufanya muziki wa Benga wa jamii ya Wakamba kutambulika katika nyanja za utafiti wa kielimu wa fasihi na lugha kama kategoria ya nyimbo za kitamaduni. Utachangia taaluma ya isimu na mawasiliano.