ABSTRACT
Hydranencephaly (HE) is a rare congenital brain disorder in which the cerebral hemispheres are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This entity is rarely seen in postnatal life and has an incidence of less than 1 per 10,000 live births. This is a 5-day-old neonate brought in for a transfontanelle ultrasound scan (TFUS), referred from a peripheral health facility on account of relatively large head, sudden onset of fever, poor cry after birth and a low Apgar score. The TFUS was done through patent anterior and posterior fontanels in sagittal and axial planes and through the temporal bone interrogation. The TFUS demonstrated absence of the two cerebral hemispheres; these are replaced by hypoechoic fluid (CSF), the presence of an echogenic midline falx cerebri, the presence of the cerebella hemispheres and midbrain with normal morphological appearance. A diagnosis of hydranencephaly in a neonate (5-day-old) was established following the aforementioned findings from TFUS; the parents were advised to consult a neurosurgeon in a tertiary health facility for further expertise management. We report a case of 5-day-old neonate with TFUS findings conforming to Hydranencephaly due to its rare nature and peculiar presentation.

ABSTRACT
Urinary tract calculus also known as urolithiasis refers to the formation of hard, stone-like deposits composed of minerals and salts within any part of the urinary tract. Urinary tract calculi are either of calcium type, struvite type, uric acid type and cysteine type. Giant bladder calculus refers to an unusually large stone that forms within the urinary bladder and weighing greater than 100 grams or measuring more than 40 mm in diameter, and usually develop due to prolonged urinary stasis, infection and or obstruction. This is a 65-year-old farmer referred from a health facility for abdominal and pelvic radiograph (Kidney, Ureter and Urinary bladder view; KUB) on account of prolonged dysuria, dribbling of urine, increased frequency of micturition, supra-pubic pain that radiates to the groin. The KUB demonstrated oval opacities of calcific densities in the lumbar region bilaterally; one on the right and two on the left measuring about 10mm, and 5mm/10mm on the right and left respectively. A larger oval opacity measuring about 75mm x 70mm in mediolateral and cranio-caudal dimension in keeping with a giant calculus within the pelvic cavity. A complementary ultrasonography further confirmed the presence and location of the aforementioned calculi respectively. We report a case of a giant calculus with bilateral renal calculi in a patient with urinary tract symptoms due to peculiar presentation and to review the literature.

ABSTRACT
Unplanned and undesired pregnancy among students expose them to emotional, social, physical and psychological trauma and thus making the students to seek for unqualified personnel in routine and unsafe environment or areas where they will not be exposed. This study is aim to evaluate the Prevalence and Underlying Factors of Induced Abortions among Students in Tertiary Institutions in South-South Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 students. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 and p < 0.05 was significant. The results revealed that the participants were between 18 to 47 years of age and shows that 20% were married, 80% were single, 48% were also doing business, 76% were aware of STI, 60% were pregnant, 60% have choice of terminating pregnancy and 76% had complications in an attempt to terminate the unwanted pregnancy.

ABSTRACT
The prevalence rates of hepatic and renal conditions have become global burden as they are significantly influenced by changing lifestyles/occupational engagements, etc. Thus, the present study investigated the alterations of some hepatic/renal markers and serum heavy metals levels in automobile artisans in Port Harcourt. The study adopted the purposive/snowball sample size selection methods in recruiting participants. A total of 100 volunteers were surveyed for the study, comprising 60 automobile repair artisans and 40 non-automobile artisans. Data from the study were subjected to statistical analyses using the appropriate tools of the IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25.0. The auto spray painters, blacksmiths and electricians had significantly (p<0.05) raised levels of chromium level when compared to those of the controls (non-auto artisans), auto mechanics, welders and panel beaters. The levels of lead (Pb) in all other sub-groups of the auto-artisans, aside from the auto-mechanics, were significantly raised (p<0.05) when compared to the mean value of the control subjects. The Cd level in the blacksmith were significantly higher when compared to all other groups including that of the control group. For the creatinine levels, all the sub-groups of the auto-artisans had significant (p<0.05) increases in their levels when compared to that of the non-automobile artisans (control) and the inverse of the foregoing occurred in the eGFR, only that that of the mechanics were excluded. The present study found a significantly raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blacksmiths when compared to that of all other groups. The aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in all artisans had significantly raised levels when compared to the respective mean values of the control group. In conclusion, the tendency for the development of CKD and liver-conditions amongst the auto-artisans may be sufficiently connected with occu

ABSTRACT
Background: Jaundice, characterized by elevated serum bilirubin levels, reflects underlying hepatic dysfunction, which may impair vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized as a frequent complication in liver disorders, but its prevalence and association with jaundice are not well established. Aim of the Study: The present investigation aimed to assess the frequency of vitamin D deficiency among individuals diagnosed with jaundice and to explore the correlation between vitamin D status and serum bilirubin concentrations. Methodology: The study enrolled 150 patients with jaundice confirmed through clinical and biochemical assessments, alongside 50 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and total bilirubin were quantitatively measured and analyzed. Serum-vitamin D ranks were stratified into three-groups: deficiency (<20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20–29 ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL). Results: Vitamin D-deficiency was significantly more predominant among jaundiced patients compared to controls (72% vs. 38%, p < 0.001). Patients with insufficient vitamin D were identified in 18% of patients and 34% of controls, while only 10% of patients had sufficient levels compared to 28% of controls. An inverse and statistically significant relationship was identified between serum bilirubin and vitamin D levels (r = -0.42, p < 0.001), showing that greater bilirubin levels were linked with lower serum vitamin D concentrations. Conclusions: Vitamin D-deficiency is extremely predominant in jaundiced patients and correlates inversely with the severity of hyperbilirubinemia. Regular assessment of vitamin D-status in jaundiced people could support timely therapeutic strategies and enhance overall patient prognosis.

ABSTRACT
Hemophagocytosis is a rare feature in leukemic blasts, occurring in approximately 1% of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), mainly in the monoblastic or monocytic subtypes [1,2]. Associations with chromosomal abnormalities, particularly t(8;16), have been reported, and the presence of hemophagocytic blasts can help suggest such cytogenetic alterations [2]. Unlike macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), no specific treatment is usually indicated for patients presenting hemophagocytic blasts [3]. We report a rare case of hemophagocytosis occurring in acute monoblastic leukemia with a complex karyotype associated with a poor prognosis according to the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2022 risk classification [4]. The clinical course was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the patient died on the fourth day of induction therapy, emphasizing the adverse nature of this entity.

ABSTRACT
According to the WHO, rapid diagnostic tests are reliable, simple, economical, and easy to interpret. They remain stable even under extreme conditions, require little or no pre-treatment, and require a small volume of biological samples. Their evaluation focuses on the classic characteristics of any biological test: accuracy, reproducibility, diagnostic values, clinical utility, applicability, and cost. These tests offer the advantage of providing rapid results, facilitating early microbiological diagnosis and appropriate patient management. However, their sensitivity is often lower than that of reference methods, which is one of their main limitations.