ABSTRACT
This study is designed to develop a reliable and appropriate IPE Maternal and Child Health curriculum and modules in IPE learning. To achieve this goal, using a mix-method design with a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), involving 30 participants in faculties, study programs, lecturers, and health students from one of the private universities. In Yogyakarta. Indonesia. The collection of qualitative data used Focus Group Discussions, which were continued with the preparation of the IPE curriculum and modules. The results are quantitatively tested for content and construct validity and expert judgment. The results of this study were 7 themes as the basis for the development of the IPE curriculum and modules, the development of the IPE curriculum with the results of content validity 3.9 and construct validity 3.93. The results of the IPE curriculum and modules received positive support from the leadership and the IPE lecturer team, 20 (67%) of the participants highly recommended the design of the IPE curriculum and modules. The conclusion is that the findings of the maternal and child health curriculum and the IPE module are declared reliable and feasible, and can be further investigated for their application.

ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Stres, anxiety and depression can have adverse effects for the mother and baby. This study aimed to amount of stress, anxiety and depression before and after cesarean in the pregnant women to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. Materials and Methods: This study descriptive and cross-sectional on 180 pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section was performed in 2018. Samples were selected by convenience sampling from referring women to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. Data were collected using a two-part demographic and midwifery questionnaire and Dass 21 stress, anxiety and depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive statistics. Results: Results indicated that the degree of the overall rate of stress before cesarean was 36.1% and in the post operation stage 13.9% , degree of the overall rate of anxiety before cesarean was 58.9% and in the post operation stage 19.5% and degree of the overall rate of depression before cesarean was 35.5% and in the post operation stage 21.7% respectively Conclusion: According to the results of this study it is recommended recommended to design supportive and preventive programs for pregnant women.

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Research reveals that bed rest during pregnancy causes several adverse physical and psychosocial effects on pregnant women. This article provides an overview of the evolution of physical inactivity or bed rest, need for bed rest during pregnancy, physical, physiological and psychosocial effects of bed rest during pregnancy, research carried on the side effects of bed rest and nursing implications.

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This paper acknowledges the critical importance of effective practice learning experiences within pre-registration nursing programmes and recognises that such student experiences are commonly delivered by use of a block or integrated practicum framework. It highlights a paucity of research regarding the most effective model to facilitate positive placements and optimise learning before reviewing a range of theories that may act as underlying causative mechanisms affecting clinical experiences for such learners. Congruent with Critical Realist principles, a realist synthesis is undertaken to identify theories and associated empirical studies which might best explain the most important factors affecting practice learning placement within pre-registration nursing programmes. Five theoretical concepts derived from the literature search appear relevant for further examination in respect of their effect on the most desirable practicum model for nursing students; namely the ‘Distributed Practice Effect’, ‘Contextual Interference Effect’, ‘Situated Learning Theory’, ‘Social Identity Theory’ and the ‘Theory of Human Relatedness’. These concepts are explained, supported by related research and their potential relationship with the most desirable qualities of a nursing student placement outlined. It is so far unclear as to the precise extent these five concepts support use of the block and integrated practice learning models within pre-registration nursing programmes; although preliminary analysis suggests the Theory of Human Relatedness may provide the most complete theoretical framework to explain student practicum experiences. The author hopes this realist synthesis will stimulate wider academic debate on the subject and encourage further research in the field.

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Background: Risk management is highly needed in higher education in general and in nursing education in particular. This is because nursing education is facing many risks that urges universities and colleges to change their strategies and plans. One of the recent risks that nursing education is facing in Oman and all around the world is the COVID-19 pandemic. The spread of COVID-19 has forced nursing colleges to change their plans. Aim: This article aimed to describe the experience of one nursing college in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it responded to this crisis. In addition, this article explored the barriers in implementing risk management process/policy and steps needed to develop the risk management process. This article also presents more lessons learned and recommendations to strengthen future risk management plans for the higher education institutions (HEIs), particularly for the nursing programs. Design: A literature review was done related to risk management in higher education in general and in nursing education in particular. The experience regarding the steps of mitigating the educational process during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in one of the governmental colleges in Oman that provides nursing program was discussed in this article. Results: Despite that there were no clear policies or guidelines of a risk management system, the nursing program in the college was able to develop a contingency plan to deal with the wide-spread of COVID-19 and restore nursing education. The plan included shifting learning from face-to-face teaching to online teaching, postponing of clinical practicum, and others. Plans and strategies implemented during the pandemic were successful to some extent. Conclusion: Risks are inevitable and, therefore, risk management system should be part of any higher education institution (HEI), especially for those with professional training and/or clinical practicum. Adopting a new plan is risky by itself and it needs great

ABSTRACT
Pregnancy is a crucial time for both the mother's and the fetus's health, so it is essential to conduct routine and comprehensive antenatal care examinations starting from K1-K4 in order to prevent something that endangers the mother's and fetus's health. The aim of this study is to find the determinant factor of the low number of K4 Antenatal Carevisits in pregnant women at the Weliman Health Center. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at the Weliman Health Center, with a total sample size of 64 respondents. The probability sampling technique was used, and the data was analyzed using the chi square test and multiple logistic regressions. The bivariate analysis test findings revealed that knowledge (p = 0.006), husband's support (p = 0.008), and age (p = 0.377) had a strong association with the low number of K4 Antenatal Care visits in pregnant women. The knowledge and support of the husband is a determinant factor in the low number of K4 Antenatal Care visits at the Weliman Health Center in Malaka Regency. As a result, especially midwives should increase pregnant women's awareness of antenatal care through counselling activities and the forming of classes for pregnant women, as well as family coaching with communication, information, and education.

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Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the most serious health crisis in modern times worldwide, challenging the healthcare systems to contempt conventional practices to prevent exposure to infection and death. Deception of information from social media caused a psychological burden due to fear of contamination in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Method: This rapid review study was conducted to provide evidence on the psychological burden in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) regions and to prevent the psychological burden during any pandemic situation. Results: Opportunities for Mental health promotion are very minimal or still emerging in the MENA region. Also, there is a lack of concerted research evidence for mental health impacts during previous pandemics like severe acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Ebola, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). MENA region is evaded many opportunities to advance mental health promotion activities and its preventive measures during quarantine, creating the negative effects which are mentioned in the studies as anxiety, stress, fear, sleep disturbance, and depression. Conclusion: The psychological impact of COVID 19 has been significant among the MENA region population. Many countries in the MENA region have an opportunity to quickly strengthen and accord significantly to combat against the psychological impact during the pandemic.