ABSTRACT
Intersexuality includes a variety of conditions in which individuals are born with, or develop later in life, ambiguous external genitalia and or a combination of chromosomes, gonads, external genitalia, and hormones that do not align as typical male or typical female. Persons born with intersex variations, therefore, are real and exist in all countries around the globe. What is missing in most countries like Tanzania is the comprehensive understanding of who persons born with intersex variations are; their (health) needs; the parents/guardians’, families’, communities’ experiences and governments’ roles in recognizing and protecting human rights and citizenship rights this group is entitled to. Low awareness and understanding of persons born with intersex variations among the general public, policy makers and the (public) health professionals; lack of empirical research on this group and intersex-LGBTQ confusion explain, in part, why there is paucity of data on this population in Tanzania and other countries mainly where LGBTQ is illegal. Data presented in this paper come from desk research I conducted on intersexuality in Tanzania and beyond. I conclude public health experts in this country stand a better chance to bridge gaps identified in existing intersexuality research to enable Tanzania realize demands and calls made by The African Intersex Movement, 2017. I recommend public health intersexuality research to move towards a psycho-social framework which accepts persons born with intersex variations, because the problem is not with this population; it is, rather, with the society expecting them to conform to their socially constructed architypes.

ABSTRACT
This study is intended is to identify the occupational risk factors of work stress and family life of onsite workers amidst Covid -9 Pandemic. Work stress is linked between the employee and the employer since the employee's performance is impacted by his or her stress level, which in turn impacts the company's performance. The majority of respondents were between the ages of 18 and 25, and the majority of them were female. There is not a significant relationship between the respondents' degree of occupational stress and their profile. Regardless of the potential for enormous growth, on-site workers continue to suffer from a high level of whittling down caused by factors such as high levels of stress and a lack of opportunities for advancement. The examination of the study's findings allows the researcher to provide a few critical recommendations that the onsite workers in the Philippines should evaluate and adopt to lessen workplace stressors. Performance awards are linked to the appropriate amount of supervision and training. Both of these factors are required for positive job behavior and the smooth operation of an organization. Despite the fact that there were more variables that could be considered as indicators of onsite workers' workplace stressor based on external and internal factors, the present study was only able to work on three of them because the literature supported these factors more extensively.

ABSTRACT
Non-suicidal self-injury or NSSI has been a widespread phenomenon happening in adolescents and is significantly found to be an after-effect of improper emotion regulation due to difficulty in expressing emotions. This study utilized a descriptive-correlational study and was conducted on 126 adolescents to ascertain the correlation between NSSI and emotion regulation and NSSI as an aftereffect of emotion regulation among adolescents. In measuring the levels of NSSI, the researcher used the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) for emotion regulation. Results of the study reported low levels of NSSI symptoms with computed mean of 0.65 and SD= 0.51 which includes a mild form of NSSI such as biting oneself and pulling out hair and a moderate/severe form which is hitting oneself on purpose. Moreover, the study revealed high levels of emotion regulation among the respondents with mean=4.71 and SD=1.31. High levels of both cognitive reappraisal (4.83) and expressive suppression (4.57) were found in the study as measured by ERQ. Using Pearson correlation, the study revealed a statistical relationship between NSSI and emotion regulation among the respondents with computed p-value= 0.59. Thus, this signifies an aftereffect of improper emotion regulation and the ability to express emotions. The results are recommended to parents and teachers at the very least, to teach their students how to manage and regulate emotions to alleviate the incidence of NSSI.

ABSTRACT
This study aimed the development and validation of the Criminal Thinking Scale (CTS), an assessment tool for measuring criminal thinking patterns. Two hundred and seventy institutionalised inmates participated in the study by responding to a survey comprising items of the Criminal Thinking Scale developed in this study. Additionally, the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scale (Cronbach’s α = .84), Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report (Cronbach’s α = .89), Parenting Style Inventory-II (Cronbach’s α = .75) were administered as well for construct validity purposes. The result of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the presence of three components of criminal thinking among items of the Criminal Thinking Scale which were labelled as morality averseness, rationalisation, and retaliatory reasoning with reliability Cronbach’s alpha of .87, .78, .76 respectively. The overall reliability yielded Cronbach’s alpha of .92. In addition, the Criminal Thinking Scale demonstrated concurrent validity with similar measures, that is, Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scale [r = .31, p < .01] and showed discriminant validity with Parenting Style Inventory-II [r = -.06, p > .05] and the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report [r = .07, p > .05]. The study concluded that CTS is a valid and reliable measure of criminal thinking.

ABSTRACT
The current study aims at detecting the effectiveness of a teaching-learning program based on cognitive load strategies in the achievement of students in the fifth literary subject of Islamic education and the development of their open thinking. The experimental design with partial control was chosen for two equal groups. The researcher intentionally chose Saad Secondary School for Boys, in Salah Al-Deen Governorate, as a field of experiment. The research sample consisted of (60) students, who were distributed randomly, by (30) students for each group. Equivalence was conducted in the variables (the chronological age of the students, the grades of the last year of the subject of Islamic education, the tribal open-mindedness test). The researcher prepared an achievement test and an open-mindedness test. A statistically significant difference was found between the means of the two research groups in achievement, in favor of the experimental group, as well as the presence of a statistically significant difference between the mean of the two research groups in the pre- and post-test of the open-mindedness test and in favor of the post-test.

ABSTRACT
Conceptually, Cognitive Behavior Therapy is a pattern of human thought formed from a series of interrelated Stimulus-Cognition-Response processes, in which cognitive processes cause a person to feel and act. Since the CBT technique was carried out at LRKM Mitra Husada, specific measurements have never been carried out to see its effect on changes in the self-esteem of the clients who were given the intervention. This study aims to analyze the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on the self-esteem of methamphetamine users at LRKM Mitra Husada, Foundation of Mitra Husada, South Sulawesi. This study used the Quasi Experiment method with the research design used being the Pretest-Posttest with Control Group Design, using two groups, namely the intervention group that was given the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Counseling treatment and the control group that was only given a brochure. The results of this study found that there was an effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) counselling interventions on the self-esteem of methamphetamine users, where the average pretest result was 1.61 and 2.67 post-test with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05 ); There was no effect of giving brochures on the self-esteem of methamphetamine users, where the average pretest result was 1.78 and 1.94 posttest with a significance value of 0.257 (p> 0.05); While the results of the comparative test between the intervention group and the control group found that there was no significant difference in the effect on the control group before and after being given the brochure (p-value 0.257) but found differences in the effect on the intervention group before and after being given CBT counselling (p-value 0.000).

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of conflicts between parents and children is a common issue in families and needs to be addressed properly to ensure the development and happiness of every family member. This is a sensitive and complex problem that requires knowledge, empathy, and love to resolve. The article surveyed and evaluated 706 adolescents in the age group of high school students (15-17 years old). The research surveyed the common content of conflicts within families, such as education, social relationships with friends, finances, and the use of the internet/technology. The frequency of conflicts was measured on different levels: no conflict, infrequent (a few months), frequent (daily/weekly), and severe. Additionally, the study analyzed factors influencing the frequency of conflicts between parents and children. The survey results and analysis serve as a basis for building solutions to foster better relationships among family members.