ABSTRACT
In the past, Nigeria had enjoyed tremendous inflow of foreign capital, making it the highest recipient among developing countries. In recent years however, total capital inflow into the country has been on the decline reducing by about 31 percent between the fourth quarter of 2016 and that of 2020. Meanwhile, unemployment continued to rise, during these periods. This study therefore, investigated the impact of foreign capital inflow on unemployment in Nigeria, using data set from the period 1986 to 2022. Specifically, the study examined the impacts foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, remittances, and international trade balance exert on Nigeria’s unemployment rate. Data collected were estimated using the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds technique. The unit root test confirmed that the variables were integrated of mixed order, while the ARDL Bounds test confirmed a long run relationship among the variables. Findings from the ECM model reveal that only foreign portfolio investment contributed significantly in the reduction of unemployment in Nigeria, while others had insignificant positive impacts. The study concludes that foreign capital inflow plays a vital role in reducing unemployment in Nigeria, and thus, recommended among others; robust development of the Nigerian capital market in order to make it more viable and stable so as to boost public confidence. Secondly, the security of investors’ funds should be guaranteed via macroeconomic policies that would enhance a competitive and interest yielding business environment.

ABSTRACT
This study assessed the impact of renewable energy investment on sustainable economic development in Nigeria. Sustainable economic development was measured by the growth rate of gross domestic product, while renewable energy was proxied by solar, wind, and biomass. Data on these variables for the period 1990 to 2023 were analysed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test and the Error Correction Model approach. The unit root test result reveal that all the variables became stationary at first difference. The Johansen Cointgration test also reveal the presence of long run relationship among the variables. Findings from the ECM estimates show that investment in solar energy has a considerable positive impact on the growth of Nigeria’s gross domestic product, while investment in wind energy has an insignificant positive impact on the growth of Nigeria’s gross domestic product. The study also disclosed that investment in biomass has a non-negligible positive influence on the growth of gross domestic product in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study concludes that investment in renewable energy contributes positively to sustainable economic development in Nigeria, and recommends that the Nigerian government should prioritize solar energy investment by creating favourable policies that attract both local and international investors, and as well, encourage collaboration among stakeholders in the agricultural, environmental, and energy sectors to develop a structured biomass energy policy that focus on converting agricultural waste into energy, thereby promoting environmental sustainability while contributing to economic development.

ABSTRACT
Since the end of 2015, Nigeria has experienced slow economic growth, which has increased the nation's poverty rate. This paper addressed the issue of poverty brought on by import-oriented industry, high governance costs, inflation, corruption, unemployment, low technological investment, and a failure to maximize effort, resources, and outcomes. They have an impact on both Nigeria's national development and its sustainable development plans. The study used secondary data as its information source. Newton's laws of motion can be used as a key tool to address these issues and guarantee economic growth. In order to solve the nation's economic problems and end poverty, we examined how Newton's laws of motion might be applied. The first law outlines external forces that can be utilized to eradicate poverty, while the second law recommends the appropriate quantity of external forces that will maximize resources and effort and hasten Nigeria's economic progress and stability. Corruption, which permeates every level of the Nigerian government, is discouraged by the third law, commonly known as the Newton’s third law of karma. According to the paper's conclusion, we can escape the current economic snags and lift Nigerians out of poverty and instability by sincerely applying the suggested economic catalysts (external forces), which include lowering the cost of governance, investing in technology, export-oriented industrialization, SMART goals, the Pareto principle, and creating intrinsic motivation to prevent corruption by our government and citizens. These economic catalysts would help us overcome our current financial difficulties and elevate Nigerians out of poverty and unstable economic conditions.

ABSTRACT
Corporate social responsibility is an essential aspect of corporate social responsibility. However, in practice, companies can face various empirical problems affecting the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility programs. This study aims to determine how social and environmental responsibility implementation is based on the East Kutai Regent Regulation No. 42 of 2019 at the PT Pama Persada Nusantara Site Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method and an implementation theory of disposition, communication, bureaucracy, and resources. The East Kutai Regent Regulation has implemented social and environmental responsibility by PT Pama Persada Nusantara. Corporate social responsibility is implemented systematically, paying attention to four indicators: participatory communication, provision of adequate resources, strong commitment from all levels, and an organized bureaucratic structure. Transparency, accountability, and good coordination support the program's success. However, implementation also faces obstacles such as geographical conditions and socio-cultural differences in the community. Overall, implementing corporate social responsibility is adequate and can exemplify sustainable corporate social responsibility practices oriented towards community welfare. As an improvement effort, it is recommended that the company strengthen two-way communication, conduct comprehensive social mapping, and collaborate with the village government to facilitate program implementation. Local governments must oversee and integrate corporate social responsibility programs into regional development. Meanwhile, the public is expected to participate more actively to ensure the success and sustainability of the programs.

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the influence of advertising on consumer brand preferences in Central Equatoria State, focusing on Juba. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the research explores how diverse advertising channels such as social media, television, radio, and print media affect consumer perceptions, loyalty, and purchasing behavior. The findings indicate that emotionally engaging and culturally relevant advertisements significantly enhance brand preference; 68% of respondents reported that campaigns resonating with local symbols and narratives are more memorable and persuasive. Social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp emerged as the most influential digital channels, reaching approximately 72% of urban youth aged 15–35, while television remains a primary information source for 60% of respondents across age groups. Despite the growing dominance of digital media, traditional outlets like radio continue to play a vital role, especially among rural and lower-income populations, with over 70% of households tuning in regularly. The study emphasizes that personalized and culturally tailored advertising strategies outperform generic approaches in Juba’s emerging market, fostering stronger emotional connections and higher brand loyalty reported by 55% of participants as a key factor in their purchasing decisions. Given the economic instability and low consumer purchasing power, integrating local cultural elements and segmenting audiences based on socio-economic status can enhance advertising effectiveness. The research recommends prioritizing digital channels, particularly social media, and developing culturally sensitive campaigns to build trust and loyalty. Additionally, promoting media literacy programs can empower consumers to make informed choices. Overall, targeted, emotionally resonant, and culturally relevant advertising strategies are crucial for strengthening brand presence and market growt

ABSTRACT
This study examines how digital advertising influences brand preferences among young consumers in Central Equatoria, Juba, South Sudan. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the research investigates the impact of various digital channels such as social media, online videos, SMS marketing, and mobile advertisements on young consumers’ perceptions, loyalty, and purchasing behaviours. The findings reveal that culturally relevant and emotionally engaging digital advertisements significantly enhance brand preference; 72% of respondents indicated that social media campaigns featuring local symbols and narratives are more memorable and persuasive. Facebook and WhatsApp are identified as the most influential platforms, reaching approximately 75% of urban youth aged 15–35, while traditional media like radio remains relevant for some segments, especially in rural or lower-income groups, with over 70% of households tuning in regularly. The study emphasizes that personalized, culturally sensitive digital advertising strategies outperform generic campaigns, fostering emotional connections and higher brand loyalty 55% of participants reported that such advertising influences their purchasing decisions. Given South Sudan’s economic challenges and low disposable income, segmenting audiences and integrating local cultural elements into digital campaigns can improve effectiveness. The research recommends prioritizing social media marketing, developing culturally tailored content, and promoting media literacy programs to empower consumers. Overall, targeted digital advertising that resonates emotionally and culturally is vital for strengthening brand presence and enabling market growth in Juba’s evolving economy.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the effect of intellectual intelligence, work motivation, and work discipline on personnel performance, both simultaneously and partially, and to identify variables that influence improving performance. The research was conducted at the Sarnas Squadron at Atang Sendjaja Air Base in Bogor. The method used was a quantitative approach with a comparative causal design. Data analysis techniques were done through descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression to test the simultaneous and partial effects between variables. The results indicate that intellectual intelligence, work motivation, and work discipline simultaneously and partially significantly influence the performance of personnel at the Sarnas Squadron at Atang Sendjaja Air Base in Bogor. Among the three variables, work discipline contributed most significantly to performance improvement, emphasizing the importance of implementing high discipline in a military work environment. These findings reflect that operational success and work effectiveness are not only influenced by cognitive abilities and motivational drives but are substantially determined by adherence to rules, firmness, and consistency in performing tasks. These findings contribute theoretically to developing human resource management literature and practically to military management in enhancing performance effectiveness through improved discipline, motivation, and intellectual development.