Latest Articles
Original Research Article
The Role of HPV Genotype among Colposcopy Diagnosed Cervical Precancerous Lesions
Dr. Fahmida Sultana, Dr. Mst. Jakanta Faika, Nahida Yeasmin, Dr Ayesha Siddiqua, Dr Sanchita Paul, Dr. Shah Noor Sharmin, Dr. Mossa. Nupur Aktar, Dr. Kazi Sanzida Haque, Dr. Arifa Ahmed, Dr. Anamica D
East African Scholars J Med Sci, 2024; 7(2): 90-96
DOI: 10.36349/easms.2024.v07i03.002
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3 Downloads | March 17, 2024
ABSTRACT
Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death and a major contributor to reduced life expectancy in every country on Earth [1]. Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious global health concern that is more common in developing countries, especially those on the Indian subcontinent. More and more women are suffering from CC. Cervical cancer is mostly caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus that is one of the most common illnesses of the reproductive system. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of HPV genotype among colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancerous lesions. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Gynecological Oncology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 132 subjects were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, the mean age was found to be 36.7±6.3 years, with a range from 31 to 60 years, the majority 53 (40.2%) of patients completed SSC and 118 (89.4%) were housewives and 125(94.7%) were Muslims. In this study most of the patients 101 (76.5%) came from middle-income families. About 45 (34.1%) patients were married between the ages of 15-17 years, 45 (34.1%) were between 16-18 years during their first delivery and 56 (42.4%) had 3-4 children. Most of the patients 92(69.7%) had history of received OCP. About 10(7.0%) patients were found HPV 16 positive followed by 1(0.7%) HPV 18, 3(2.1%) other HR-HPV, 3(2.1%) HPV 16 & other HR-HPV and 1(0.7%) HPV 16-HPV 18 & other HR-HPV. Most of the 95 (72.0%) patients had CIN I, 30 (22.7%) had CIN II and 7 (5.3%) had CIN III identification by colposcopy reports. In this study 59 (44.7%) patients had CIN I followed by 13 (9.8%) had CIN II, 9 (6.8%) had CIN III, 5 (3.8%) had CIS and 46 (34.8%) ..
ABSTRACT
Cancer significantly contributes to the cause of morbidity and mortality in Zambia 71% of people diagnosed with cancer in Zambia die from the disease; however, access to radiotherapy (RT) services is lacking. More than 50% of cancer patients will require radiotherapy for curative or palliative intent. The country first established RT services in 2006. Prior to that only a few Zambians accessed this specialised treatment abroad, mainly due to the high costs. After a successful run of service for over a decade, in 2022 the country suffered total disruption of RT services due to obsolete equipment that has been earmarked for decommissioning. The country is now in the process of re-establishing the RT services to make them sustainable. This article aims at reviewing how the RT services (RT equipment and personnel) have been managed, the opportunities that exist (demand for RT services, availability of training institutions, support from the government and cooperating partners) and lastly the challenges (equipment shortages and operation, lack of medical physicists and biomedical engineers, financial constraints, procurement and maintenance delays). The insights offered by this work will elicit a data based decision making approach to meticulous RT service provision.
Original Research Article
The Role of Blood Transfusion in the Management of Obstetric Emergencies in the Gynaecological-Obstetrics department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I
Bocary Sidi Kone, Mahamoudou Coulibaly, Kalifa Traore, Séma Keita, Siaka Amara Sanogo, Cheickna Sylla, Sékou Bakary Keita, Bamba Bréhima, Mamadou Haïdara, Dramane Fomba, Yacouba Aba Coulibaly, Yacouba
East African Scholars J Med Sci, 2024; 7(2): 71-77
DOI: 10.36349/easms.2024.v07i02.007
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61 Downloads | Feb. 24, 2024
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It is a prospective and cross-sectional study, carried out at the Gynecological-Obstetrics department of the reference health center of commune I "Dr. Koniba PLEAH" from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, i.e. 12 months. The main objective was to contribute to the study of the place of blood transfusion in the management of obstetric emergencies. During the study period, we recorded 480 cases of obstetric emergencies, of which 160 cases were emergency blood transfusions, i.e. 33.33%. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) was the first indication for blood transfusion with a frequency of 28.8% of patients. Management was based on: Blood transfusion with diversified PSLs (whole blood, CGR, PFC). MVA, salpingectomy, caesarean section, hysterorrhaphy, and hysterectomy.
Original Research Article
Postoperative Complications of Transvesical Adenomectomy of the Prostate in the Urology Department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire GABRIEL TOURE in Bamako
Berthe, A, Ballo, B, Drago, A. A, Togola, A, Sissoko, I, Ouattara, A. D, Kone, O, Haidara, K, Diarra, I, Coulibaly, M. T
East African Scholars J Med Sci, 2024; 7(2): 78-82
DOI: 10.36349/easms.2024.v07i02.008
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47 Downloads | Feb. 24, 2024
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study postoperative complications of transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate in the urology department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted over 12 months, from December 1, 2022 to November 30, 2023. It covered all patients admitted, operated on and followed up in the Urology Department of CHU Gabriel Touré for benign prostatic hypertrophy and having a complete medical record. Results: Out of 102 patients operated on for prostate adenoma in the urology department of CHU Gabriel Touré, 26 cases of postoperative complications (POC) were recorded, representing a frequency of 25.49%. The average age of our patients was 71.38 years. Urinary bilharziasis was the main urological antecedent in 50% of patients, while inguinal hernia repair was the most common surgical antecedent, accounting for 27% of cases. Pollakiuria was the main reason for consultation (46.15%). Urinary tract infection was found in 57.69% of patients, with Escherichia coli the main germ involved (34.61%). The mean ultrasound prostate weight was 63.82g, with a mean total PSA level of 2.98ng/ml. Preoperative catheterization was strongly associated with postoperative complications (37.21%). The main indication for surgery was complicated BPH (infectious complication: 38.46%). The average duration of bladder irrigation was 2.3 days. Parietal suppuration was the main postoperative complication (30.77%). Postoperative indwelling catheterization lasted an average of 16 days. The average hospital stay was 7.3 days for patients with CPO versus 5 days for other patients. The mortality rate was estimated at 3.84%. Conclusion: In our context, transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate is still the most common surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Postoperative complications are dominated by parietal suppuration.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Background: Effective management of procedural pain is important for general patient care and quality of life. The study aimed at exploring paediatric procedural pain assessment practices, knowledge, and attitude among nurses at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Methods: An exploratory qualitative design was used in the study. This research was conducted among nurses at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants until data saturation was reached. The qualitative data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide via direct interviews and tape recorded. Data was transcribed and analysed manually using thematic content analysis. Findings: Data saturation was achieved after the interview with the 20th respondent in the study hence a total of twenty nurses participated in this study. Most 17 (85.0%) of the nurses were females. Majority 8 (40.0%) were aged between 31-40 years. The mean age of the participants was 35.2±7.5 years. Three themes emerged out of the study namely; knowledge and attitude towards procedural pain, assessment of procedural pain, and interventions for lessening procedural pain. Conclusion: Nurses in this study had limited knowledge about procedural pain management and assessment. Nevertheless, most of the nurses expressed positive attitude and willingness to be trained in procedural pain management.
Original Research Article
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Introduction: Seronegative spondyloarthritides (SpA) are a family of various joint disorders that classically include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome; ReA), and undifferentiated SpA. Treatment goals for SpA are reducing symptoms, decreasing complications associated with the disease, and reducing functional limitations. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to find efficacy and safety of various doses of Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, compared with placebo in different stages of the treatment in patients with active Seronegative Spondyloarthritides. Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the Popular Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Total 203 subjects of both sexes, aged more than 18 years were selected during the period of May 2023 to November 2023. In this 6 months study duration, patients received 16 weeks treatment (12-week treatment, 4-week washout) and were under follow up session for 8 weeks. Study patients with active SpA phase II were grouped to receive (N=25, 25, 25, 25, respectively) placebo or Jakloc (Tofacitinib) 5 mg and Jakloc (Tofacitinib) XR 11 mg manufactured by Popular Phermaceuticals PLC and Tofacitinib 2 mg or 10 mg (manufactured by other phermaceuticals) twice daily. Jakloc (Tofacitinib) XR 11 mg was used for adult patients with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate (3 patients). The primary efficacy endpoint was Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society 20% improvement (ASAS20) response rate at week 12. Secondary endpoints included objective measures of disease activity, patient-reported outcomes and MRI of sacroiliac joints and spine after follow up session for 8 weeks. Safety was monitored. Result: The Emax model analysis of the primary endpoint predicted a Jakloc (Tofacitinib) 10 mg twice daily ASAS20 response rate of 67.4%, which ........
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a permanent sensorineural hearing loss (HL) which affects the quality of life of exposed individuals. Aim: To determine the prevalence of NIHL among sawmill workers at the Timber market and petty traders in Accra, Ghana, and to assess the difference in actual and self-reported HL among the sawmill workers. Methods: This was a comparative study of NIHL among sawmill workers at the Agbogbloshie Timber Market of Accra and petty traders whose work environment was situated remotely from the sawmill. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Demographic characteristics and pure tone audiometric testing of study participants were analysed and presented as mean±standard deviation, counts and percentages. Independent T-test was used in comparing pure tone hearing thresholds of sawmill workers and petty traders at various frequencies. Results: A total of 120 sawmill workers and 120 petty traders were studied. Sixty-four (53.3%) of the petty traders were females and all the sawmill workers were males. Mean age of the sawmill workers was 41.5±11.8 years. The prevalence of NIHL among the sawmill workers was 37.5% in the right ear and 43.3% in the left ear. Among the petty traders, the prevalence of NIHL was 12.5% in the right ear and 8.3% in the left ear. There was a statistically significant difference in NIHL between the sawmill workers and the petty traders (p-value = 0.0001). The prevalence of HL in the better ear for the sawmill workers and petty traders was 16.7% and 1.7% respectively. Sixty-nine (57.5%) sawmill workers self-reported HL compared to actual HL of 39 (32.5%) which showed a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.011). Conclusions: The prevalence of NIHL among the sawmill workers was 37.5% and 43.3% in the right and left ears. There was a significant difference between actual and self-reported HL among the sawmill workers.