ABSTRACT
Abstract: A study was carried out to grasp the importance of hybridization, irradiation and their combination in enhancing boll weight, boll number, seed cotton yield, fiber length and strength in desi cotton. A 202 progenies comprising of F4M4, M4, F4 and double cross F3 were evaluated at MARS UAS, Dharwad to obtain information on mean, variance, range, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for 13 traits. The mean, range and variance among progenies, F4M4 progenies exhibited relatively higher progeny mean performance and wider range of values for most the traits. The high estimates of PCV and GCV were recorded for M4 generation for boll weight, seed cotton yield, ginning out turn and 2.5% span length indicates simple irradiation helps to improve these traits. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for seed cotton yield and yield components as well as fiber quality traits among progenies. The superior progenies varied considerably across the traits, F4M4 contributed higher number of superior progenies followed by F4 progenies produced higher number of superior progenies compared to others.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the impact due to discharges of waste water from coffee washing stations on aquatic macro-invertebrates. Sampling has been made during coffee processing period and no coffee processing period. This study show that the macro-invertebrates increase during the coffee processing period and Hemiptera and Diptera individuals are most represented. There is variation of Hemiptera individuals which are less represented during coffee processing period but individuals increase during no coffee processing period. In opposite, Diptera individuals increase during coffee processing period than no coffee processing period. The study found that Diptera especially individuals belong to the chiromidae family are very abondunce during the coffee processing period. In the non-coffee processing period, we noticed that this taxon is less represented. These results show that individuals of the family of Chironomidae are bio-indicator of the pollution due to discharges of wastewater from coffee washing stations.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: This study was carried out in lath house belong to Department /Horticulture and Landscape design /college of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul for the period from (1 July 2019) to (1 December 2019), to determine the effect of foliar application of proline at (zero, 25, 50) mg.l-1 as well as treatment with Optimus plus fertilizer which was produce according to nano technology consist of (5% Nitrogen, 30% Amino acid, 3% Organic nitrogen) at (zero, 1) ml.l-1 sprayed on the vegetative growth and between sprinkle and the next 20 days, the last factor include three irrigation levels of watering at (100%, 50%, 25%) of filed capacity in growth of pelargonium graveolens L.. The experiment were analyzed statistically by using Factorial with in Split-Plot Design in randomized Complete Block Design with three replication and five plant per treatment, was used. Duncan test used to compare between means at 0.05 probability level. The irrigation level 25% of F.C caused significant decrease in the most of studded parameters. The difference in spraying with the amino acid proline caused a significant increase in the parameters of: number of branches, length of the longest root, proline content and volatile oil ratio. But spraying by nano fertilizer Optimus plus cause significantly increased the all growth, chemical and anatomic parameters.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The paper examines the horse in the Bamenda Grassflieds by stating its roles in an attempt to educate and preserve the equine heritage history. This is to ensure that the developments that horses facilitated throughout history are recognized, embraced, and taught to future generations. The paper argues that beyond war and transport or quick displacement, horses in the Bamenda Grassfields were used for entertainment, ornamental and aesthetics functions. By doing so, the paper reinserts the horse into the broader historical narrative. Thus the idea of equine heritage history is tested in order to draw the Bamenda Grassfields history into the wider global dialogue equine historiographical issues. In order to achieve this, a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative research was used. Our findings revealed new perceptions on the role of horses in the region. These perceptions revealed that far from being instruments of war, horses were veritable actors of sports, entertainment and more. The organization of horse races and fantasia events in the region bear testimony to this. Besides horse races organized, horses staged public displays to decorate social events. Also, the horse impacted as they provided employment, created business enterprises and companies, developed the Bamenda Grassfields, added to its touristic potentials, and promoted unity and solidarity between Fulani and local inhabitants. On the flip side, it boosted prostitution, led to sporadic fights among spectators as they scrambled for vantage positions round the field. Cases of thievery and pick pocketing were also frequent.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: A total of nine soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-10, 10-20 cm and 20-30cm respectively from oil polluted soils of Awoye and Osustech farm (Control). The soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and bacteriological properties that reflect soil nutrient content and fertility status in the laboratory using standard methods. The results of microbial flora in areas with and without oil spill shows little effect on the microbial populations of the soils studied. The average microbial population of the oil polluted soil was 9.9 x 103cfu/g, while that without oil-spill was 2.03 x 104cfu/g for bacteria count; average pH value in polluted soil was 5.28 while that of the control was 5.71; average electrical conductivity polluted soil samples was 78.53 while that of the control was 33.7 while moisture content levels of polluted soils was 18.5% and control 44.7%. Bacteriological analysis revealed the presence of bacteria species including; Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Aerococcus. Statistical analysis of results through the Duncan Multiple range test showed significant differences for microbial populations, electrical conductivity and moisture content of oil polluted soil and the control area (unpolluted) with no significant difference in pH of both polluted and non- polluted soils. It is then concluded that oil spills on the soils of Awoye is detrimental to the microbial population of the soil as it alters negatively the physico-chemical properties of the soil thereby lowering its microbial load and also render the soil and water unfit to support life supporting activities of man.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The control of the factors that influence grafting would help significantly to improve the yield of grafted plants for the benefit of shea breeding program and farmers of Côte d’Ivoire. The study aims to assess the influence of the grafting method on the recovery and growth of grafted shea plants in nursery. The grafting was carried out in nursery onto 2-year-old rootstocks. Two grafting methods that are terminal slit grafting and side-grafting in sap-wood were tested in the nursery in randomized design. The results showed that the method of graft has a significant effect on the grafted plant recovery and agronomic trait growth. Terminal slit grafting recorded the highest recovery rate (90%), rapid recovery time (21 days) and high mean values of agronomic growing traits (1.63 twigs per month, 5.59 leaves per month and 3.28 cm of height growing per month) in grafted plants. These results were permit to retain terminal slit grafting as the best grafting method to apply in shea in nursery in order to supply masse grafted plants to the farmers in Côte d'Ivoire.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Ethnomedicinal survey and antibacterial study of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Piper guineense and Tetrapluera tetraptera were carried out in Ogbia communities and Microbiology Laboratory Federal University Otuoke respectively. Rapid appraisal method and Use-Value index were applied to fetch information on ethnobotanical use of the two spice plants (commonly used among Ogbia people in Bayelsa State), and their antibacterial activities were tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ethnographic data shows that the principal health-care uses of the spices correspond to gastro-intestinal treatment, and fruits were the most important section utilized for managing health disorders. The fruit extracts yielded strong antibacterial activity against the organisms at the treatment regimens (200-12.5mg/ml), the zones of inhibition in both case decreases down concentration gradients. Escherichia coli shows the widest Zone-of-Inhibition in Piper guineense at each concentration regimen. The widest Zone-of-inhibition in Tetrapluera. tetraptera extracts were recorded against S. aureus, and the lowest Minimun-Inhibitory-Concentration, 2.5mg/ml occurred at the assay of Piper guineense against E. coli, and similar trend occurred in Tetrapleura. tetraptera extracts. Also Minimum-Inhibitory-Concentration of 2.5mg/ml and 5mg/ml was recorded on Streptococcus pyogene in ethanol and aqueous extract respectively, justifying the ethnomedicinal uses of the spices among the people.