ABSTRACT
Abstract: Low back pain (LBP) is a health problem that is often experienced by farmers due to lifting activities, bending over a relatively long time, and carrying loads with an unergonomic attitude. One of the efforts to deal with the problem of low back pain is ergonomics intervention through the William Flexion Exercise method. This study aims to determine the effect of William Flexion exercise on reducing low back pain. This research is a quasi-experimental study with one group pre test post test design. William flexion exercise is given in the form of abdominal strengthening movements with a duration of 30-40 minutes. The research sample consisted of 23 people determined by random sampling technique from a population of rice farmers in Lembor Selatan District, West Manggarai Regency. The measurement of LBP levels using the Oswestry questionnaire was carried out before and after the intervention. Data differences before and after the intervention were tested using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. The results showed that William Flexion exercise can reduce low back pain of farmers from an average score of 64.26 to 47.96 or a decrease of 25.36% with p = 0.000. The conclusion of this research is william flexion exercise can reduce Low back pain.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Low Back Pain is a symptom and not a diagnosis. Some cases of symptoms conform to the pathological diagnosis with great accuracy, but in most cases, the diagnosis is uncertain and long-lasting. Developed countries such as the United States, the prevalence of LBP in one year ranges from 15% -20%. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, based on data from the Ministry of Health's research in 2006 regarding diseases and accidents that occur in traditional fishermen and divers, it is stated that a number of fishermen on Bungin Island, West Nusa Tenggara suffer from joint pain (57.5 percent) and mild hearing loss to deafness ( 11.3 percent). The research objective was to analyze the risk factors for low back pain in labor fishermen in Namosain Village, Kupang City. Methods: This type of research is an analytical survey research with adesign cross sectional which was conducted in the Namosain Village, Kupang City. The study population was 267 fishermen. The selected sample was 73 fishermen with accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation sheets and then analyzed using Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression tests. Conclusion: The variables of vibration, work period, work load and work attitude have an influence on the incidence of low back pain in labor fishermen in the namosain village, Kupang city.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the levels of burden among nurses working in intensive care units and role of resilience among the staff nurses working in various areas of Intensive Care Units (ICUs), at the National Guard hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Objectives: 1. To determine the demographic variables among nurses working in the ICUs with burden variables.2. To assess the relationship between the resilience and burden level of ICUs nurses. 3. To compare the resilience scores among nurses across different areas. Methodology: A descriptive, and comparative design was used achieve the aim of the study. A convenience sample was used to collect data. The subjects of the study were nurses from all critical care areas of both King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) and King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh. Results: The results indicated that there were significant relationship between resilience and burden variables which is consistent with previous studies.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Childbirth, which is acknowledged to be a very important experience in a woman’s life, and her satisfaction with all that transpires during this period, are utterly important for the mother’s health, for her infant’s health, and for positive family relations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the women’s satisfaction levels to care in the postpartum period. Material and Method: This was a descriptive study nested within a cohort involving women who gave birth at one public maternity hospital in Turkey. Among 300 women who gave birth during the study recruitment, 36 women did not receive a questionnaire. After giving birth, the women who met the inclusion criteria were invited to take part in the study by one of the researchers. The data were collected using a Survey form and The Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction in Birth in the study. Results: It was determined that the total mean scores of the postpartum women who had vaginal delivery were 136.8±14.1, and the total mean scores of the postpartum women who had caesarean delivery were 138.2±12.1. Conclusion: It was found that the level of satisfaction with the childbirth process were low in both groups.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Gum Arabic (GA) is known exudative polysaccharide from gum acacia trees and has been used as an antioxidant, to protect the liver, kidney and heart against different toxicants. The current study was undertaken to estimate the effect of GA on the inflammatory factors, hepatocytes apoptosis and antioxidant status, of rats suffering from hepatotoxicity caused by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). Four experimental groups (n=8) were established. Group A used as a control and received basal diets only. Groups (B & D) received basal diets containing GA (5%). Groups (C & D) were injected with CCl4, to induce hepatotoxicity in rats twice a week, for 3 weeks. GA is found to improve the amount of total protein (TP) in the serum, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, hepatic expression of glutathione peroxidase1 (GPX1) and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1), were also increased, while effectively decreased the tissue levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), serum amount of alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST). Moreover, GA down-regulate the expression levels of hepatic caspase3, IL-β1, IL-6 and TNF-α genes that were increasing in CCl4 only treated group. Histopathological evaluation of the liver in rats treated only by CCl4 revealed cellular necrosis, fatty degeneration with inflammatory changes, however, GA revealed a noticeable amelioration of the severity of these changes. Dietary administration of GA has a beneficial result on the hepatic apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in experimentally- induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Breastfeeding is the act of milk transference from mother to baby that is needed for the survival and healthy growth of the baby into an adult. It was observed during the clinical posting that many breastfeeding mothers that attend this primary health care centres encounter a lot of challenges in the course of breastfeeding their babies hence many stopped breastfeeding at early stage. Consequently, this study aim to determine the effect of nursing intervention on lactation- related problems among nursing mothers. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted with multistage sampling to select sample size (n= 36). A self-constructed questionnaire was used to measure the effect of nursing intervention on lactation-related problems. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and t-test at 0.05 levels of significance, through statistical package for the social science software. Results: The result showed that the knowledge of mothers on breastfeeding procedure with means (6.888 ±1.808). It also shows that the t-test of the pre and post knowledge on the following areas; procedure for breastfeeding (t=2.11, p= 0.005), breastfeeding problems (t = 9.17, p=0.001). Conclusion: The training was effective in improving the level of knowledge of breastfeeding procedure and breastfeeding-related problems. Based on the above findings, it is recommended that the government should help in minimizing these breastfeeding-related problems by organizing seminars, workshop and extension services to enlighten women on breastfeeding problems and early prevention.

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Abstract: Nursing faculty is an essential pillar for the nursing profession, necessitating well-preparation for better teaching, training, guiding, mentoring, and supporting students and novice faculty. Proper orientation and mentoring of novice faculty would allow the novice faculty to become competent and comfortable within their educational roles to facilitate the students' learning needs. The forecasted global nursing shortage requires immediate action to enrich the profession with well-prepared practitioners. The outbreak of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19 and the aging current nurses and nursing faculty contribute to the shortage within the profession. The shortage will negatively impact quality work and quality education of nursing taskforces and nursing faculty alike. Additional impacts are frustration, attrition, and dissatisfaction, which lead to turnover and even more shortage. Bedside care nurses should be attracted to become nurse faculty to overcome the nursing faculty shortage. Meleis' Transitions Theory (2015) and Schoening's Nurse Educator Transition (NET, 2009) Model were used to guide nurses' transition from bedside care to classroom teaching faculty.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Central venous catheters (CVC) are known to be associated with risk of complications such as infection and hemorrhage thus good knowledge and practices of care are crucial in limiting these risks also nurses be supposed to integrate evidence-based practice into their care to improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate impact of mini structured education program on ICU nurses knowledge and practice regarding prevention of central venous line associated blood stream infection. Methodology: This is an interventional pre –posttest study conducted in Alshaab Teaching Hospital, full coverage sampling method was used incorporated 32 ICU nurses working in ICU and met selection criteria, Information and skill were collected by researchers from ICU nurse’s using standardized self-administer questionnaire and direct observation check list . Mini structured education program was applied and post-test with final assessment were conducted after 2 weeks using same questionnaire and check list then the collected data pre and post analyzed analyzed and interpreted using both descriptive and inferential statistics based on the objective and hypothesis of the study. A two-tailed p value at 0.05 was taken as the level of significance using SPSS version 20. Results: Among 32 nurses included; mean age of participant was 25 years, almost of participants were female 87.5% while(29) 90,6% had BSc level of qualification and84,4% more than 1year duration of work. The overall mean of pre-test knowledge scores regarding prevention of central venous line associated blood stream infection was found to be 5.8 with statically significant difference (p=0.000<0.05) and in post-test found to be increased to 8,2with statically significant difference (p=0.000<0.05) . Regarding practice the overall mean of pre-test scores toward care of CVL in order to prevent central venous line associated blood stream infection was found to be 11.8with statically ...............