Abstract: Background: Low Back Pain is a symptom and not a diagnosis. Some cases of symptoms conform to the pathological diagnosis with great accuracy, but in most cases, the diagnosis is uncertain and long-lasting. Developed countries such as the United States, the prevalence of LBP in one year ranges from 15% -20%. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, based on data from the Ministry of Health's research in 2006 regarding diseases and accidents that occur in traditional fishermen and divers, it is stated that a number of fishermen on Bungin Island, West Nusa Tenggara suffer from joint pain (57.5 percent) and mild hearing loss to deafness ( 11.3 percent). The research objective was to analyze the risk factors for low back pain in labor fishermen in Namosain Village, Kupang City. Methods: This type of research is an analytical survey research with adesign cross sectional which was conducted in the Namosain Village, Kupang City. The study population was 267 fishermen. The selected sample was 73 fishermen with accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation sheets and then analyzed using Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression tests. Conclusion: The variables of vibration, work period, work load and work attitude have an influence on the incidence of low back pain in labor fishermen in the namosain village, Kupang city.