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Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
The recommendations specific site of the nutrients in maize cultivation are necessary in the region of Savannah in Togo in the current context of the variability of the endogenous fertility of soils. To this end, based on the results of subtractive trials whose treatments were: the absolute control - N0P0K0 (T1), N0P60K70 (T2), N120P0K70 (T3), N120P60K0 (T4) and N120P60K70 (T5) kg ha-1 coupled with the maize variety Ikenne, conducted in the prefectures of the Savannah region, target yields were determined taking into account the potential yield of the Ikenne variety. Fertilization formulas to obtain the difference between the target yields and those measured on the zero N, zero P and zero K treatments were calculated. The results revealed that the gradient of priority nutrient requirement for maize was N > P > K in the prefectures. In Tandjouaré, grain yields of 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 Mg ha-1 were obtained with the fertilizer formulas N92P0K0, N112P10K0, N132P18K16 and N152P26K29 kg ha-1, respectively, with corresponding value/cost ratios of 16, 13, 11, and 10. In Tône, achieving grain yields of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 Mg ha-1 is subject to the fertilizer formulas N79P24K0, N99P32K16, N119P41K30, N139P49K43 and N159P57K56 kg ha-1, respectively, with corresponding value/cost ratios of 9, 8, 12, 7, and 6. In Oti, achieving grain yields of 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 Mg ha-1 is subject to the fertilizer formulas N66P7K0, N86P16K9, N106P24K22 and N126P32K36 kg ha-1, respectively, with corresponding value/cost ratios of 19, 14, 11, and 10. In Kpendjal, obtaining grain yields of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 Mg ha-1 is subject to fertilizer formulas N70P16K5, N90P24K18, N110P33K31, N130P41K45 et N150P49K58 kg ha-1, respectively, with corresponding value/cost ratios of 11, 9, 8, 7 and 7.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted on the eastern drainage of the Euphrates River (Alhfar) in Diwaniyah at three stations, summer and winter. The drainage Alhfar was evaluated using the WQI and Was selected 12 parameters, namely (PH, E.C, TDS, Turb., T.H, Cl, Mg, Ca, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd), From the results, it is noted that the first site recorded (302, 290) in summer and winter, respectively, according to WQI, while the second site recorded (294.5, 298.8) in summer and winter, respectively, The WQI value for the third site was (310 a, 380), according to WQI the water in the first and second sites was very poor water due to the increase in the proportion of determinants. In the third site, the water was unsuitable water because the WQI was very high in summer and winter.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are widely distributed in all agroecological zones (AEZs) within Kenya. Plant parasitic nematodes are important pests of many cultivated crops and they exert a detrimental influence on a wide range of vascular plants, leading to significant crop losses by reducing both quantity and quality of the yield. However, due to inadequate taxonomic descriptions and a low number of diagnostic features, the morphological diagnosis of many species remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to characterize PPNs associated with sweet potatoes in different agroecological zones of Kirinyaga County, Kenya, using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Seventy-seven soil samples from sweet potato tubers rhizosphere were collected from different agroecological zones and nematodes were extracted using Baermann’s technique. Thirteen nematode isolates were obtained and only seven could be identified morphologically to their genus level based on their distinct phenotypes. Seven isolates that could not be identified through the microscope were advanced to molecular sequencing. The nematode DNA were extracted and the PCR amplification and sequencing of 18S rRNA gene carried out. The study identified six PPN species, including Mylonchulus hawaiiensis, Aporcelaimellus nigeriensis, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Rotylenchulus borealis, Aporcella femina, Heterodera dunensis, and a predatory nematode (Dorylaimus aff. stagnalis) as part of the soil biota. This study showed significant distribution of plant parasitic nematodes across the agroecological zones. Thus, the occurrence of a nematode species complex in sweet potato farms requires the development of specific and appropriate sustainable control strategies.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
The development of the oocyte into mature ova has been studied under two principal categories namely pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic phase. Other than oocytes, oogonia have also been seen in the ovaries during different months of the year. It has been observed that the ovaries of Macrobrachium dayanum possess maximum percentage of oogonia during the months of December to January and June to July which indicate that they are passing through immature stage. It was further observed that during the month of April and October to November ovaries were filled with primary, secondary and tertiary vitellogenic oocytes.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
In this study, the impact of different management systems, parity orders, stages of lactation and age of she camels on the chemical composition of milk were evaluated. The study was conducted during August to October 2018 to compare camel milk from three production systems that include the traditional nomadic in Kuma locality (North Darfur State) to the semi-nomadic (Red Valley in Eastern Nile and Hamid Well in Western Omdurman (Khartoum State) and the intensive in El Huda in Western Omdurman (Khartoum State). The milk samples investigated belong to three groups; parity orders, lactation stages and ages; of she-camels. The samples (n=120) were examined to determine the percent of fat, solids not fat, lactose, protein and density in camel milk. The results showed significant (P≤0.05) differences between milk samples obtained from camels reared in different management systems. The semi-nomadic system in Hamid Well area recorded high values for the chemical constituent in comparison to other systems and locations. Stages of lactation of she-camels kept in the intensive production system showed significant effect on the values of SNF, protein, lactose and the density of milk. However non-significant differences were recorded on milk chemical composition depending on parity orders and age of she-camels. In conclusion, the variations of the values of the chemical composition of camel milk from different locations is strongly correlated to the management systems that influenced by the availability of water and feed as well as other factors including lactation stages.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Cassava is a plant cultivated for its calorie-rich leaves and tuberous roots. Unfortunately, genetic improvement of cassava is limited by the lack of information on its genetic variability. The objective of the present work was to study the genetic and molecular diversity of cassava cultivars using microsatellite markers (SSR) in the Maritime region of Togo. A total of 95 cassava individuals from 7 cultivars were evaluated using 7 SSRs. The average polymorphic information content was 0.74 and the average number of alleles per locus was 7. The average observed heterozygosity was lower than the expected average heterozygosity for the 7 cultivars, showing positive fixation indices and presence of inbreeding. Molecular analysis of variance revealed greater molecular variation within cultivars (94%). The dendrogram constructed using the Neighbor Joining method resulted in 3 groups. The high genetic diversity observed could be due to the exchange of cuttings by growers. This diversity would be valuable for efficient germplasm management and for effective use of the material in breeding.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Soil erosion is a kind of environmental deterioration through decreased agricultural output, increased floods, and habitat loss, soil degradation has an impact on many people's livelihoods, either directly or indirectly. In many developing tropical nations throughout the world where soil and water conservation (SWC) planning and management initiatives are either ineffective or nonexistent, soil erosion is on the rise. Because there isn't precise scientific research that gives information, identifying locations that are susceptible to soil erosion is also insufficient. The Oromia area of Ethiopia, where the majority of livelihoods mainly rely upon agriculture, is home to the little-recognized watershed of Welmel. A thorough understanding of the spatial variability across various climatic zones, land uses, and soil erosion is crucial for the planning of successful SWC management approaches. Through the use of a geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and numerous characteristics such as land uses, and climate, this study has attempted to identify prospective places in need of SWC techniques by undertaking a spatial modeling of soil erosion within the Welmel watershed's Genale Dawa basin. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), which was previously modified for Ethiopian circumstances, was utilized to predict potential soil loss after laboratory study and processing multiple input datasets in ArcGIS to get the requisite six RUSLE model input parameters. It made use of data from a digital elevation model (DEM) on interpolated rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), plant cover (C), topography (LS), and conservation practices (P) from satellite pictures. The study demonstrates that the RUSLE using GIS taking into account various climates and land management practices provides a great advantage in that it enables one to spatially analyze multilayer data to identify areas that are susceptible to soil erosion and subsequently develop the be