ABSTRACT
Western Sudan has occupied an important and high position among the regions of the old cities of Sudan. It covered before and after the advent of Islam, a wider range of land, and was known for its national and humanitarian values. Apart from the negroes, who were the first settler, the region was inhabited by various tribes and ethnicities. The region was so famous to the ancient Arab travelers like Al-Bakri, IbnBatuta, Ibnkhaldun, Galqashandi, and the likes, to the extent that they gave the name "The cities of Sudan" to all the cities and regions of West Africa, such as they also called "River Niger", The "Nile of Sudan". The region assumed the first position among the regions of the ancient Sudan, because of its cool natural phenomenon, precious Gold mines, and profit-yielding commercial centers. All these made it news spread to the Arabs and others and has also resulted in their mass troops to the region from every quater, in order to take their benefits, without considering its natural hurdle that manifested in the great Sahara desert. The researcher intend in this paper to portray the relationship between Western and northern Sudan by giving the reader a clear picture of that relationship concerning cultural, social, economical, and political aspects of life. The researcher will confine the discussion into economics and politics, hence this paper is divided into two sub-topics: (i) The concept of the term "Western Sudan" (ii) Economical and political relationship between Western Sudan and North Africa.

ABSTRACT
The article aims, through literary theory, to extract the relationship between literature and philosophy, starting with a statement of the meaning of philosophy with its types and divisions, and then defining literature with contemporary literature, literary philosophy and philosophical literature, with reference to the genius men of literature and philosophy and examples from philosophical literary texts.

ABSTRACT
The study of translation among Arabic Students is one of the arts that is almost lost under the shadow of academic arts in some Nigerian schools and colleges, which cause them to remain lenient and or make common mistakes culturally and linguistically during the translation process. Thus, as a result and in addition to some factors that contradict them or make them incompetent or unable to translate successfully. The main objective of this study is to explore the linguistic and cultural factors theoretically which produce the difficulties for Arabic Students during the conduct of translation from Arabic to English and vice versa. Therefore, this qualitative study which relies on observation to the conduct of some Arabic Students in North-Western Nigerian States, focuses on mentioning some of the important factors theoretically related to the linguistic and cultural aspects of translation. The Article includes the introduction, the concept of translation difficulties, the concept of language, linguistic difficulties, factors that cause linguistic difficulties in translation, what must be taken into account in the grammatical aspect of translation, the concept of culture, cultural difficulties, factors that cause cultural difficulties in translation, important cultural elements in translation, then conclusion and references.

ABSTRACT
This article entitled: "The issue of influence and influence in the two directions of history and controversy of comparative literature" aimed to highlight this new art of modern literature, as well as to show the controversy among writers of comparative literature. Because comparative literature is the new type of literature and arts studies outside geographical, linguistic, political and cultural boundaries. Scholars, critics and writers have paid attention to it in the early twentieth century. According to the developments of theoretical and applied studies in this new field, different theories and trends have emerged. The most important of them is that this new type of literature study is characterized by the historical method, so they were accused of studying literature from the historical perspective, and these studies revolved in the first place around national literature.

ABSTRACT
The paper holds the study of ancient Arabic dialects, it contains the literal and idiomatic meaning of dialect. It mentioned some Basic difference occurs in the dialects especially Arabic and Non-Arabic. This linguistic study article spastically focuses on mentioning the ancient Arabic dialect differences.

ABSTRACT
The research aimed at evaluating the Nigeria Arabic poetry in the 19th century A.D by tracing its sources, some which are rooted as far back in the middle ages. It will therefore provide reader with vivid information on the Nigerian Arabic poetry History; its background, the factors surrounding its formation and the channels through which it attained glory. This will serve as bases for its admiration and assessment with justice. The article dwells mainly on the delimitation of the middle ages. Opinion of the critics on the literary decline at the period, some details on Nigerian relationship with Turkish emirates at the time, sample of medieval texts as to their impact on the Nigeria Arabic literary works of the 19th century A.D.

ABSTRACT
Educational Poetry aims at teaching the reader of legal knowledge, linguistics and sciences through a poetic text called the rhymes. Educational Poetry is ancient, its roots go back to the Greek civilization. It is a simple picture poetry based on some poetic seas (buhur) and nothing else. The researchers began with a brief overview of the poet’s biography, and dealt with the concept of Educational Poetry and its types. Subsequently, they discussed Educational Poetry \, its role in education and its inception among the Arabs. Furthermore, they touched on the evolution of Educational Poetry in Nigeria. Finally, they dealt with the method of the poet Algoni Jidda in educational systems, and then the conclusion.