ABSTRACT
Background: The estimated global adolescent birth rate has decreased, but the actual number of childbirths to adolescents continues to be high. Labour and delivery outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy (AP) are useful tools for advocacy towards improving their health. Objective: Our aim was to study labour outcomes among adolescent girls at the central hospital of Yaoundé (CHY). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study covering a period of 3 years from January 2022 to December 2024 at the CHY. SPSS version 23 was used for analysis. Pearson’s chi-square test and Student’s T test were used to compare proportions and means, respectively. Exposed and unexposed group characteristics were compared by calculating the Relative Risks (RR), together with the 95% confidence interval (CI). The level of significance was p < 5%. Results: We recorded 6,145 deliveries (7.3% in adolescent girls) and 69 birth-related deaths (11.6% in adolescents). Out of 270 complete files retained, comprising 92 adolescents (exposed) and 178 adults (unexposed). Adolescents had fewer antenatal contacts (58.7% attending <4 visits). The RR for maternal mortality in adolescents was 1.66 while preterm birth and low birthweight were more common in the same group. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy increases risks of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. A factor associated to these poor outcomes is sub-optimal ANC attendance.

ABSTRACT
Background: Traumatic hip dislocation management is a time-sensitive medical emergency that occurs in high-energy trauma. The optimal result is obtained if the dislocation is reduced within 6 hours post-injury. Types of dislocation in patients with traumatic hip dislocations attended at MOI are not known. The study aimed to determine the types, time interval between dislocation and reduction and management provided to patients with traumatic hip dislocation attended at MOI. Aim of the study: To determine the types and management of traumatic hip dislocation among patients attended at MOI from January 2016 to December 2018. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective study that was conducted at MOI for 6 months from September 2019 until March 2020. One hundred patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Data were collected using a data abstraction form. Types of dislocation and reduction maneuvers were obtained from patients’ files. Types of management provided were recorded as non-operative or operative management. Associated injuries were recorded by frequency and percentage. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and presented as frequency and proportion. Results: A total of 100 patients with traumatic hip dislocation were recruited during the study period. The majority of study participants were males 85(85%). The mean age of patients was 36 ±12 years. Posterior dislocation of the hip was the most common injury 88(88%) while central dislocation of the hip was 7(7%) and anterior dislocation of the hip was 5(5%). Associated injuries were observed in 76(76%) of patients, acetabular fractures being the most frequent. The period between dislocation and reduction was less than 6 hours in 4(4%) of patients, between 6 and 12 hours in 21(21%), and over 12 hours in 75(75%). Over half of the patients 55(55%) were managed by a closed reduction for the traumatic dislocated hip and the rest were managed surgically. Conclusion: Th

ABSTRACT
Background: Patients with opioid use disorder are at a higher cardiovascular risk due to the effect of opioids on the cardiovascular system. Cardiac conduction abnormalities, electrical activity impairment, cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular hypertrophy are reported in the opioid population. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with ECG abnormalities among adults with opioid use disorder attending at Itega addiction center for methadone assisted therapy [MAT]. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among adult outpatients attending Itega addiction center in Dodoma. A calculated sample size of 321was attained through convenience sampling approach. A standard 12-lead ECG was recorded for each participant and interpreted by two independent cardiologists. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were computed to determine the factors associated with ECG abnormalities. Under adjusted analysis, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for factors associated with ECG abnormalities after controlling for all the variables with a minimum p-value of 0.2 at univariate analysis. Results: The majority 308 [95.95%] of the participants were males, 197 [61.37%] had attained primary educational level and the mean age of the participants was 35.44 ± 6.54 years. The overall prevalence for any ECG abnormalities in this study was 26.47%, Sinus bradycardia 59[18.4%] being the most observed ECG abnormality followed by QTc prolongation 27[8.41%]. A month's increase in the duration on MAT and being a female were significantly associated with lower odds of ECG abnormalities [AOR =0.85, 95% CI =0.74-0.96 p =0.014] and [AOR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01-0.59, p = 0.017] respectively. Conclusion: The high prevalence of ECG abnormalities implies high cardiovascular abnormalities among population with opioid use disorder. Given that majority of the ECG abnormalities are treatable, integrating cardiovascular in the population would

ABSTRACT
Uterine rupture remains an obstetric complication associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of uterine rupture at the Essos Hospital Center in Yaoundé, Cameroon. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over 10 years from January 2012 to December 2022 at the Essos Hospital Center, a tertiary referral facility in Yaoundé. Medical records of women diagnosed with uterine rupture were reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, labor profile, intraoperative findings, management modalities, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The study revealed 26 cases of uterine rupture among 29,573 deliveries. The mean maternal age was 33.65 ± 5.21 years. Most women were multiparous, and more than half had previous uterine surgery, mainly cesarean section. Half of the patients were referred from other facilities. Complete uterine rupture occurred in most cases and most frequently involved the uterine body. Hysterectomy was the most performed surgical procedure. Maternal complications were frequent, predominantly anemia. Maternal mortality was 11.5%, while perinatal mortality reached 65.4%. Bivariate analyses did not demonstrate statistically significant associations between maternal characteristics and neonatal death. Uterine rupture therefore remains a life-threatening obstetric emergency in our setting, associated with substantial maternal morbidity and extremely poor neonatal outcomes. Improved antenatal risk identification, close intrapartum monitoring, particularly among women with previous cesarean sections, and timely referral to facilities capable of providing comprehensive emergency obstetric care are essential to reduce its burden.

ABSTRACT
Background: Breast cancer (BC) in young women (aged 40 years and below) tends to have peculiar characteristics and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Objective: It’s aimed to describe the clinical, histopathological and biological features of BC in young women in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study in three hospitals in Yaoundé (the General Hospital, the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, and the Military Hospital), with data collection from February through July 2025, covering a 6-year period (January 2019 to December 2024). We included women aged 40 and below, who had BC confirmed by histopathology and excluded those with incomplete files. Data were collected using a standardized form and analysed with R statistical software version 4.5.0. Results: We recruited 93 cases of BC in young women with adequate records. The age range was 18 to 40 years with a median at 34.0 years. BC was by far more common in the left (71.9%). The most common type was invasive ductal carcinoma (78.5%), and grade, grade II of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (57.0%). Locally advanced or Metastatic disease was predominant (75.3%), and tumour size was >2 cm in 67.7%. The proportion of the severe triple negative biological subtype was substantial (30% of 32% tested cases). Conclusion: From these findings, breast cancer in young women commonly occurred early in child-bearing age even though occurrence appeared to increase with age in our setting. The initial tumour was by far more common in the left breast. Large tumours were predominant, with advanced stage, high grade type and the most severe triple negative subtype being preponderant.

ABSTRACT
Background: Egg donation as an aspect of assisted reproductive technology has brought hope to several individuals and couples with various forms of infertility. Whereas literature from around the globe has been rich on its ethical, psycho-social, and health dimensions, Sub-Saharan Africa has remained underrepresented in that discourse. This review, therefore, synthesizes international evidence and contextualizes it for Sub-Saharan African settings. This is despite the fact that there are significant research gaps, particularly on the health outcomes of donors over the longer term, investigation of psychosocial effects, and understanding of how different compensation and consent frameworks affect the experiences of donors. Most importantly, empirical studies from Sub-Saharan Africa remain scant, with a lack of culturally adapted ethical guidelines. Methodology: The study used PRISMA guidelines to comprehensively search the databases: Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Studies in the form of surveys, systematic reviews, and qualitative interviews were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. A total of 5528 papers as of October 2nd, 2025, were reviewed, out of which only 14 papers were selected since they fit into the criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. Results: Informed consent procedures often lack the presence of long-term risks, and compensation practices are highly variable, with the potential for exploitation. Donors report a range of psychosocial outcomes from altruism to identity-related distress. Health risks include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, although the possible links with breast and ovarian cancers are not established due to limited long-term data. Conclusions: The implications are equally clear: ethical egg donation in Sub-Saharan Africa should be based on consent models sensitive to culture, regulated compensation frameworks, and mandated counseling protocols. Registries of don

ABSTRACT
Background: Obstetric emergencies represent a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Data from northern Cameroon remain scarce, motivating the present study. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic profile of third-trimester obstetric emergencies at the Garoua Regional Hospital (GRH), Cameroon. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was conducted in the Gynecology-Obstetrics department of the GRH from January 1 to December 31, 2023. All pregnant women in the third trimester or in the immediate postpartum period with a confirmed obstetric emergency were included. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 336 obstetric emergencies were recorded out of 2,557 pregnant women (frequency: 13.14%). The mean age was 25.30 ± 6.68 years. The most common emergencies were dystocia (36.6%), hemorrhagic emergencies (30.9%), acute fetal distress (29.7%), hypertensive emergencies (22.7%), and infectious emergencies (6.3%). Surgical treatment was performed in 68.5% of cases. Maternal mortality was 3.7% and fetal/neonatal mortality was 25.5%. Conclusion: Third-trimester obstetric emergencies are frequent at the GRH. Dystocia, hemorrhage, and acute fetal distress are the leading types. Fetal/neonatal lethality remains high, underscoring the need for strengthened antenatal care and emergency obstetric services in this region.