ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the extract of Nymphaea alba petals, and if antibacterial activities are present then the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract is determined. Currently multidrug resistant bacteria are a major concern for clinicians as most conventional antibiotics do not work against MDR strains and infections with MDR strains are increasing day by day, with many resulting in death. This study focused mainly on the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract. Our study showed that the crude extract is significantly effective against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC value <0.78 mg/ml. This confirms the effectiveness of this extract against MDR bacteria.

ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health concern under the present clinical scenario due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both medical and agricultural sectors. Passiflora foetida, commonly known as wild maracuja or stinking passion flower belongs to the Passifloraceae family and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and America. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential antimicrobial efficacy of Passiflora foetida leaf extract against both MDR bacteria and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains for possible combating microbial infections in the future. The MIC value of Passiflora foetida extract varied between 5-10 mg/ml in different ATCC and MDR bacteria studied in this experiment. Passiflora foetida is also well known in traditional medicine indicating a degree of safety and efficacy, although modern scientific validation is necessary to support its therapeutic applications. Future research should focus on identifying the specific bioactive agent responsible for its antimicrobial effects, optimizing extraction methods to maximize bioavailability, and evaluating its safety and efficacy in animal models and clinical trials. Understanding the antimicrobial properties of Passiflora foetida is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies against antibiotic-resistant infections. By harnessing the natural antimicrobial potential of this plant, researchers may uncover new treatment options to combat AMR and improve patient outcomes. The findings of this study indicated its possible use as a topical application at present till further study with refined extract may reveal its application in vivo in different diseases with MDR microorganisms.

ABSTRACT
Hyperlipidemia is implicated in many disease states, including arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and stroke amongst other illnesses. The present study describes the hypolipidemic and testicular cytoarchitecture protective effects of hydromethanol leaf extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi using male Wistar rats as models. 64 male Wistar rats were acclimatized and subsequently randomly divided into 8 groups of 8 rats each. Diabetes was induced in all rat groups except Groups 1 and 8 using alloxan at a dose of 200mg/kg bw administered intraperitonially. Diabetes was confirmed after 72 hours of alloxan administration if the blood glucose level is ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200mg/dl) and were daily treated with different concentrations of extract and phytosterol only for 28 days. Expectedly, significantly higher values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, low values of high-density lipoprotein and significant reduction in the population of epithelial germ cells and normal matured spermatozoa in the testes were observed amongst group 2 (Untreated Diabetes) rats administered 200mg/kg bw of alloxan, compared to group 1 (Control) rats (p<0.05). Suggesting a possible hyperlipidemic and harmful testicular effects of alloxan in male Wistar rats. By corollary, extract administration significantly lowered values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, increased values of high-density lipoproteins and reversed the reduction in germ cells and matured spermatozoa population amongst Groups 4 and 5 rats administered 500mg/kg bw and 750mg/kg bw of the extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi compared to Group 2 (Untreated Diabetes) rats (p<0.05). Suggesting a possible reversal and protective effects of the extract. Craterispermum schweinfurthi extract administration lowered total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, increased serum high density lipoprotein concentration and promoted germinal epithelial cells ...

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infectious disease which affects both, men and women. It is a significant health concern due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to have a current understanding of the antibiotic susceptibility (AS) pattern of uropathogens to manage UTI effectively. Objective: This study aims to assess the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology at SBMC, the Outpatient Department of Medicine, and Gynae & Obstetrics at Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal, Bangladesh, from January 2017 to December 2017. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and processed using standard guidelines for microbiological procedures. Positive microbiological cultures were found in 200 of the 314 patients, Data on socio-demographic, clinical, and risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: In this study, the age of the subjects ranged from 15 to 75 years, majority of subjects (38.4%) belonged to age group of 45-60 years. The mean age was found 42.6±11.4 years. Out of 200 cases, E. coli was the most predominant gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the pathogenic bacteria isolated from urine samples were MDR organisms. Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as Amikacin and gentamycin were the most effective drugs. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are prevalent, affecting 64% of cases, with all isolates showing resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, it is recommended to provide health education on the transmission and causes of urinary tract infections.

ABSTRACT
Neonatal infections represent a prevalent issue impacting newborns during their initial days, resulting in escalated mortality rates, particularly evident in less developed nations. Two studies examined the microbes responsible for the beginning of infections in newborns and compared different treatment modalities. Predominant infectious manifestations included septicemia, meningitis, septic arthritis, and pneumonia. Gram-negative Klebsiella and Staphylococcus emerged as the prevalent bacterial strains responsible for neonatal infections. The antibiotic regimens commonly employed in medical facilities in Libya comprised of ampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, amoxicillin, meropenem, amikacin, tazocin, and cloxacillin. Gender disparities were observed in the incidence rates of septicemia and meningitis, with the former being more recurrent in females. The collective fatality rate stood at 5–10% among the entire neonatal cohort.

ABSTRACT
Background: The pancreas becomes inflamed when someone has pancreatitis. When the digestive enzymes are triggered before they are released into the small intestine and start targeting the pancreas, pancreatic injury results. Pancreatitis comes in two different flavours: acute and chronic. Gallstones and alcohol use are two of the many factors that can cause pancreatitis. Pancreatitis can be treated well with medicinal plants. Desmodium gangeticum (DC), a plant of the Fabaceae family, is also known as salpan, salvan, and sarivan in Hindi. The plant is bitter, sweet, thermogenic, nervine tonic, aphrodisiac, carminative, constipating, diuretic, febrifuge, cardiotonic, anticholinestrase action, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant, and it is highly beneficial in treating a variety of medical conditions. Method: In the current work, NF-kβ receptor inhibitors were sought after using a molecular docking approach. The binding was determined by the Auto Dock software utilizing a grid-based docking method. Compounds' 2D structures were constructed using the chem sketch, converted to 3D, and then energetically reduced up to an arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: D.gangeticum found to be effective anti-pancreatitis agent and their lead molecules (daidzein and genistein)effectively binds to be target protein NF-kβ receptor with binding energy -5.99 & -5.81 kcalmol-1 for daidzein & genistein respectively. Conclusion: It was discovered through a computationally based docking analysis that both lead compounds exhibit strong NF-KB receptor inhibiting effects. The results demonstrated a promising docking score and lead molecule's pattern of binding to the target protein's active region with strong covalent bonding. The synergistic impact of daidzein and genistein is what gives aqueous extract from D gangeticum its ability to heal pancreatitis.

ABSTRACT
Background: Alopecia is a condition in which some or all of the hair from the scalp is lost. One recent preventative measure is the inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase. Inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase converts circulating testosterone to its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels are widely employed in industry and to treat a variety of illnesses. However, accurate identification is necessary to improve efficacy, repeatability, and quality. Pomegranate, or Punica granatum L., is a member of the Punicaceae family. It is known as "anar" or "dadima" on the Indian subcontinent. For hundreds of years, P. granatum has been used to treat conditions like peptic ulcer, dental disorders, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and numerous types of cancer. Method: Further scientific validation of the current investigation was done by computational based molecular docking study of lead molecules of P.granatum Peel against 5α-reducatase(SRD5As) enzyme. The binding was determined by the Auto Dock software utilizing a grid-based docking method. Compounds' 2D structures were constructed using the chem sketch, converted to 3D, and then energetically reduced up to an arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: Punica found to be effective anti-alopecic agent and their lead molecules effectively binds to be target protein 5α-reducatase (SRD5As) with binding energy -7.15, -7.66 & -7.07 kcalmol-1 for Apigenin, luteolin and taxifolin respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that every lead compound that was chosen for further study exhibited strong 5'-reductase (SRD5 As) inhibitory activity, hence eliciting the anti-alopecic potential.