ABSTRACT
Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is an exceptionally rare RASopathy, with fewer than 300 cases reported worldwide, caused predominantly by de novo pathogenic variants in BRAF. We report the first molecularly confirmed Moroccan case, a 4-year-9-month-old girl born to non-consanguineous parents, presenting with severe global developmental delay (absent autonomous walking, marked speech delay, intellectual disability), severe growth retardation (height 86 cm), cutaneous xerosis, and subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 7.58 µIU/mL with normal free T4). Brain and pituitary MRI, echocardiography, EEG, and karyotype were normal. Clinical exome sequencing identified a heterozygous pathogenic missense variant in BRAF (NM_004333.6: c.770A>G; p. Gln257Arg), classified as pathogenic in ClinVar (rs180177035), confirming the diagnosis of CFC syndrome. The variant was presumed de novo given the absence of parental consanguinity and the sporadic presentation; parental Sanger sequencing was recommended for formal confirmation. This case illustrates the phenotypic variability of CFC syndrome, showing that absence of structural cardiac malformation does not exclude the diagnosis when the molecular signature is present. The concurrent subclinical hypothyroidism represents an underrecognized endocrine complication warranting systematic thyroid screening in all affected patients. This report is the first molecularly confirmed case of CFC syndrome from Morocco, contributing to the geographic expansion of the known phenotypic spectrum of BRAF-related RASopathies.

ABSTRACT
Background: Nephrolithiasis is a common urinary tract disorder characterized by the formation and accumulation of mineral-based calculi within the urinary system. Calcium-containing stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones, represent the major type of urinary calculi. Despite the availability of several therapeutic approaches, recurrence of urinary stones remains a significant clinical concern. Medicinal plants containing biologically active phytoconstituents may provide a valuable source of potential lead molecules for the development of novel antinephrolithiatic agents. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the potential antinephrolithiatic activity of selected phytoconstituents of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken using an in silico molecular docking approach against selected proteins associated with urinary stone formation and oxalate metabolism. Methods: Selected phytoconstituents of S. oleosa, namely linolelaidic acid and scopoletin, were evaluated against adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT; PDB ID: 5ZNQ), glycolate oxidase (PDB ID: 1GOX), oxalate oxidase (PDB ID: 1FI2), and Tamm-Horsfall protein (PDB ID: 4WRN). Protein structures were obtained from the Protein Data Bank, while ligand structures were obtained from PubChem. Protein and ligand preparation was followed by molecular docking using PyRx based on the AutoDock Vina docking algorithm. Predicted ligand–protein interactions were subsequently examined using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Results: Both investigated phytoconstituents demonstrated favourable predicted binding energies toward the selected protein targets. Linolelaidic acid showed docking scores of −5.6, −5.2, −5.5, and −6.2 kcal/mol against APRT, oxalate oxidase, glycolate oxidase, and Tamm-Horsfall protein, respectively. Scopoletin exhibited docking scores of −6.2, −5.5, −6.9, and −7.3 kcal/mol against the corresponding targets.

ABSTRACT
The cleanroom is a contemporary invention. Although the design and administration of clean rooms has its origins in hospital infection control and dates back more than a century, modern civilisation requires a clean environment for industrial processes. A cleanroom is an environment with low levels of airborne microbes, dust, aerosol particles, and chemical vapours that is commonly used in manufacturing, including pharmaceutical products, scientific research, and aerospace semiconductor engineering applications. Cleanrooms are used in many different industries, such as microelectronics, nanotechnology, defence, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Modern approaches to cleanroom technology design can help to minimise the contamination risks. More precisely, a cleanroom has a controlled level of contamination that is specified by the number of particles per cubic meter at specified particle size. Cleanrooms are necessary because people, production machinery, and the building struck generate contamination. As this article has demonstrated, these methods include using GMP validation phases to ensure rigorous testing, adhering to quality risk management to identify contamination sources, and applying computer-aided design techniques like computational fluid dynamics, which enable the use of predictive models to help identify contamination sources related to undesired air movement. Consequently, cleanroom technology is a preferred processing method that lowers the microbial burden and produces safe, high-quality final goods. The fundamentals of clean room technology and its use in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals are covered in this overview.

ABSTRACT
Herbal preparations have long been accepted in Africa as alternative or complementary medicine. However, the herbal preparations have been found to contain undeclared synthetic drugs known as adulterants. This review was intended to find out the incidence of adulteration of herbal preparations in Africa and its impacts on the regional health. A search strategy through multiple databases was conducted across PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane databases, Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate search terms such as herbal medicines, herbal preparation, impacts of herbal medicines in Africa, health implications of herbal medicines in Africa. About 112 articles published from 1995 to 2026 were accessed and eligible articles data were extracted and analyzed. Adulteration of herbal preparation used in Africa has become healthcare setback instrument in hands of greedy manufacturers of these remedies. It was observed that this menace affect every part of African healthcare delivery system. The most commonly adulterated herbal preparations in Africa are those used for weight loss and weight gain, aphrodisiacs, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetics, antimicrobials, and antihypertensives. Glibenclamide and Metformin were the commonest adulterants in the antidiabetic herbal preparations. Trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacillin were the commonest adulterants in herbal antibacterial preparations. Chloroquine was the commonest used adulterants in the herbal antimalarial preparations. The risks of the adulterations include meningitis, lead poisoning, nephrotoxicity, renal or liver failure, coma, and death. Establishment of stringent quality control and its enforcement should be employed in each African country in order to curb the menace.

ABSTRACT
There are many remedies for human ailments in nature. For fundamental medical requirements, almost 80% of the world's population depends either fully or partially on traditional medicine. Achyranthes aspera Linn. is a well-known medicinal plant whose roots, leaves, seeds, stems, flowers, and entire plant are used to cure a range of ailments in traditional medical systems. Traditional customs suggest its use in conditions such as diabetes, inflammation, skin conditions, liver problems, infections, digestive problems, and wound healing. As a result, pharmacognostical research appears to be very helpful in identifying adulterants or substituents and assessing the quality of commercial samples available on the market. In addition, lack of standardization, dishonest commercial practice of adulterating and substituting the genuine herbal drugs are posing great obstacle in popularizing the time-tested herbal-based traditional medicines. The present study was focused on preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations for determining and establishing the identity, purity and quality of the plants. The preliminary results of the physicochemical characterization and the phytochemical screening of the powdered leaves of Achyranthes aspera attest to their safety and confer them a guarantee of phytotherapeutic quality.

ABSTRACT
Background: Haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling represent the various stages of the wound healing process. Insufficient blood circulation to the wound site and the presence of microbial infections are two additional factors that can impede healing. Improving both the systemic and local health of the patient, along with establishing an optimal environment for healing, are crucial elements of effective wound management. Various products have been created to modify the wound environment, aiming to establish a safe, moist, and infection-free milieu for recovery. In the wound healing cascade, newer materials are being introduced to complement or replace older substrates. Methodology: Carbopol 940 (Carbomer Homopolymer USP), Disodium Edetate IP, Sodium Methylparaben IP, Sodium Propylparaben IP, and Sodium Hydroxide IP were used to manufacture the Polyherbal Gel, which was then tested for wound healing activity. For evaluation of wound healing potential of different Polyherbal gel formulations various parameters like wound contraction, tensile strength and Hydroxyproline as a biomarker were assayed. Result: It has been observed that animals given the F1 and F3 formulations experienced the quickest wound healing. It was discovered that the epithelization duration of F1 and F3 was essentially typical. The incision wound models demonstrated that, when compared to the standard, the mean tensile strength of the recovered incision wound on the tenth post-injury day showed F1 & F3 formulation to be most significant. Conclusion: The investigation's results showed that the synergistic effects of flavonoid and plant phenolic present in the extracts, the results of the current study demonstrated that polyherbal formulations containing ethanolic leaf extract of M. oleifera, O. sanctum, and A. indica showed potent wound healing efficacy.

ABSTRACT
Tetanus, a vaccine-preventable disease, remains a life-threatening condition in low- and middle-income countries. It is characterised by muscle spasms and rigidity, driven by the tetanospasmin toxin, and is associated with a high mortality. Benzodiazepines, particularly diazepam, are the cornerstone of spasm control due to their GABA-A receptor agonism, which counteracts the toxin’s disinhibition of motor neurons. Diazepam can be administered at higher doses than those typically used in the average patient population. We report the successful clinical management of a 67-year-old male with severe generalised tetanus using high-dose intravenous diazepam (up to 210 mg/day initially as boluses and short infusions), highlighting pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, propylene glycol toxicity risks, and the need for careful titration. From a clinical pharmacology perspective, high-dose parenteral diazepam provides rapid spasm control but requires monitoring for accumulation of the active metabolite (N-desmethyldiazepam) and solvent-related complications. This case underscores the balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety in the management of tetanus.