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Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy-induced disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and other systemic disorders after 20 weeks of gestation and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The main pathological characteristics of preeclampsia are poor trophoblast cell invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling dysfunction caused by placenta ischemia and oxidative stress. Nowadays, preeclampsia is considered to be the results of the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. However, its accurate pathogenesis remains unknown. It was considered IGF-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. As is known, the behaviors of cells, the formation of placenta and the growth of fetus are widely regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Several studies have shown that IGF-1 was significantly reduced in preeclampsia. Objectives: To assess the role of Insulin like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) as a Predictor of Preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective cohort study conducted in General Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit OPD, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January, 2020 to December, 2020. Pregnant women between 8 weeks to 15 weeks were enrolled for study after fulfilling selection criteria. Serum concentration of Insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was assessed with cut off value of IGF-I 175.9 ng/ml. The value above 175.9 ng/ml was categorized as normal IGF-I and value below 175.9 ng/ml was categorized as low IGF-I. The patients who had value above 175.9 ng/ml were grouped as A. The value below 175.9 ng/ml was grouped as B. Then they were followed up monthly upto 28 weeks, two weekly upto 36 weeks, weekly upto delivery and puerperium for development of preeclampsia or not. All information was recorded in data collection sheet. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23. Data were compared and correlated among groups and presented by tables and figures. Result: Maternal serum concentration .....

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Objective: To evaluate the echo graphic assessment of inappropriate left ventricular mass and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with diastolic function. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out at tertiary medical hospital where Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed on 200 patients with simple hypertension at a tertiary medical center. If a woman had an LVM index of more than 88 g/m2 of body-surface area, or if a man had an LVM index of more than 102 g/m2 of body-surface area, they were considered to have an unhealthy amount of LVM. Women with a septal wall thickness of more than 0/9 cm and males with a thickness of more than 1 cm are considered to have LVH. Early diastolic peak velocity (E) was compared to late diastolic peak velocity (A), deceleration time (DT), and early diastolic peak velocity (E′) were also assessed as echocardiographic parameters. Results: Patients' averaged systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings on the day of admission were 142.87 18.12 and 88.45 9.18 mmHg, respectively. Twenty-one percent of the individuals had an abnormal LV mass, with 5.6% having a mild abnormality and 5.6% having a severe abnormality. Patients with mild left ventricular hypertrophy had a higher mean age and body mass index (P 0.05). Patients with more severe ventricular hypertrophy had longer E/A ratios and longer deceleration times after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The mean body mass index (BMI) of subjects with severe was 33. 7 3.7 (P 0.001). Slightly different levels of diastolic dysfunction were associated with varying degrees of improper LV mass (P = 0.065). However, there was no correlation between E/A, E/E′, or deceleration time and excessive LV mass (P > 0.05). The relationship between diastolic dysfunction and LV mass was analyzed using Spearman's Rank test (P = 0.025). Conclusion: While LVH is a strong predictor of diastolic dysfunction severity as measured .......

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Reproduction is important evolutionary process that is necessary for the maintenance of life. Human fertility depends on a number of endocrine factors, one of which includes the regulation of thyroid hormone. The thyroid's role in neurocognitive and fetal development is of key importance. Any disruption in the regulation of the thyroid gives rise to a thyroid disorder. The underactivity of this gland will lead to a condition known as hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism is way more in females, especially during their reproductive period. Infertility in males is also a key concern nowadays. The prevalence of infertility in males is one of the concerning topics for the couple as a whole. The hormonal assessment serves as a guide for the evaluation of fertility. The metabolic activity of iodine in the regulation of thyroid normal function is very essential. The present narrative review aims to evaluate thyroid hormone physiology, hypothyroidism, the major types of hypothyroidism, its correlation with fertility, and with the patients that are suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article will discuss the iodine association with hypothyroidism and its potential role in fertility. It will aim to provide a precise understanding of associated thyroid disorders that are majorly linked with male infertility.

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Background: India was a part of Covid-19 pandemic & experienced a massive surge of cases during second wave. Tears & conjunctival secretions were also thought to be source of infection. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of conjunctival swab positivity for SAR-COV-2 by rRT-PCR and to find an association between ocular symptoms & conjunctival swab (CS) positivity in patients with nasopharyngeal Swab (NPS) confirmed Covid-19 disease. Material & Methods: It was a prospective, international study on patients with NPS rRT-PCR Confirmed covid -19 disease. Complete history, Systemic & ocular examination along with basic parameters were documented. Clinical information about hospitalization & respiratory aid was recorded. Within 2 days of NPS, CS was taken. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed by Microsoft Excel SPSS (Chicago Inc) Software for window & open epi software (version 3). Yates corrected Chi-square test was used to test association & prevalence was reported as a point estimate with 95% CI. Results: Out of 76 admitted patients. 72 NPS confirmed Covid -19 positive cases was included. Prevalence of CS positivity was 5.56% (4 patients) Mean age of sample was 64.11+- 20.408 years. Prevalence of CS positive in males was 10% & in females 2.38%. Prevalence of CS positivity in isolation ward was 1.61% where as in ICU it was 30%. Prevalence of CS positivity was 1.59% in Patients on high flow oxygen therapy, 25% in patients on BiPAP and 66.67% in patients on ventilator. Study showed OR-17.4, i.e. patients with ocular symptoms had 17.4 times more risks of CS positivity as compared to patients with no ocular symptoms. The association between ocular symptoms & CS positivity is statistically significant. Conclusion: Over all Prevalence of CS positivity is 5.6%. With increase in severity of disease, the prevalence of CS positivity increases and there is positive association between ocular symptoms & CS positivity.

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Background: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common ophthalmic condition that frequently presents with persistent tearing (epiphora) and episodes of dacryocystitis, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of endoscopic versus external dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Methods: This prospective, non-randomized study at the Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, included 72 patients undergoing endoscopic or external dacryocystorhinostomy, followed for six months to assess anatomical and functional outcomes, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative recovery. Preoperative evaluation used syringing, fluorescein dye, and dacryocystography when needed; data were analyzed with SPSS, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Seventy-two patients (80 eyes) underwent DCR: 42 patients (50 eyes) EN-DCR, 30 patients (30 eyes) EX-DCR. Bilateral surgery was performed in 19.0% of EN-DCR patients (p = 0.018). EN-DCR patients were younger (33.6 ± 10.5 vs 46.0 ± 11.8 years, p < 0.001) with similar female predominance (57.1% vs 53.3%, p = 0.936) and eye laterality (p = 1.000). Anatomical and functional success were comparable (92.0% vs 93.3%). Minimal bleeding was more common in EN-DCR (56.0% vs 20.0%, p < 0.001). Hospital stay was shorter (1.3 ± 0.5 vs 2.6 ± 0.8 days, p < 0.001) with faster recovery (83.3% vs 60.0%, p = 0.025). Conclusion: Endoscopic and external DCR are equally effective for NLDO, with endoscopic DCR offering less bleeding and faster recovery.

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Background: Polytrauma patients with intra-abdominal bleeding represent a critical surgical emergency with high early mortality, primarily due to uncontrolled hemorrhage and physiological collapse. In recent years, damage control surgery (DCS), combined with structured damage control resuscitation and multidisciplinary trauma management, has become a cornerstone in the care of these patients. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early damage control surgery and comprehensive trauma management on outcomes in polytrauma patients presenting with intra-abdominal bleeding. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022 involving 375 polytrauma patients with intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Early DCS, standardized resuscitation protocols, perioperative critical care management, and staged definitive repair were analyzed. Results: Early implementation of damage control surgery, integrated with aggressive hemorrhage control, balanced transfusion strategies, temperature control, and intensive care management, resulted in significantly reduced mortality, shorter ICU stay, and fewer postoperative complications compared with delayed surgical intervention. Conclusion: Early damage control surgery, when combined with coordinated trauma management and damage control resuscitation, significantly improves survival and clinical outcomes in polytrauma patients with intra-abdominal bleeding.