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Conjunctival Swab Positivity for SARS-Cov-2 Viral Nucleic Acid in Nasopharyngeal Swab rRT-PCR Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easms.2022.v05i12.007
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Background: India was a part of Covid-19 pandemic & experienced a massive surge of cases during second wave. Tears & conjunctival secretions were also thought to be source of infection. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of conjunctival swab positivity for SAR-COV-2 by rRT-PCR and to find an association between ocular symptoms & conjunctival swab (CS) positivity in patients with nasopharyngeal Swab (NPS) confirmed Covid-19 disease. Material & Methods: It was a prospective, international study on patients with NPS rRT-PCR Confirmed covid -19 disease. Complete history, Systemic & ocular examination along with basic parameters were documented. Clinical information about hospitalization & respiratory aid was recorded. Within 2 days of NPS, CS was taken. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed by Microsoft Excel SPSS (Chicago Inc) Software for window & open epi software (version 3). Yates corrected Chi-square test was used to test association & prevalence was reported as a point estimate with 95% CI. Results: Out of 76 admitted patients. 72 NPS confirmed Covid -19 positive cases was included. Prevalence of CS positivity was 5.56% (4 patients) Mean age of sample was 64.11+- 20.408 years. Prevalence of CS positive in males was 10% & in females 2.38%. Prevalence of CS positivity in isolation ward was 1.61% where as in ICU it was 30%. Prevalence of CS positivity was 1.59% in Patients on high flow oxygen therapy, 25% in patients on BiPAP and 66.67% in patients on ventilator. Study showed OR-17.4, i.e. patients with ocular symptoms had 17.4 times more risks of CS positivity as compared to patients with no ocular symptoms. The association between ocular symptoms & CS positivity is statistically significant. Conclusion: Over all Prevalence of CS positivity is 5.6%. With increase in severity of disease, the prevalence of CS positivity increases and there is positive association between ocular symptoms & CS positivity.

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Dr. Afroza Begum

Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College & Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh

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