ABSTRACT
This study was to make bio-fertilizers with Azotobacteria and Azospirilum consortiums and to test the influence of bio-fertilizers on Okra plant growth. This investigation was conducted using the soil from the Biological Garden of the University of Cross River State, Calabar. Pure culture and mass production was performed in batch fermentation at optimum condition by means of specific medium for Azospirilum and Azotobacter. Organisms were isolated from the soil samples and confirmed using biochemical tests. The bio-fertilizer effect on the growth parameters of Okra plants was carried out on Day 21. The post germination, phenotypic and observations showed significant differences in performance between plant length, mass, root numbers, root length, total plant length, breadth of leaves, shoot length, root mass and biological yield. The biochemical indices exibited a significant rise (P < 0.05) in chlorophyll content (mg/g.fr. wt) as compared to Control (0.010±0.000), Azospirilum (0.016±0.000), Azotobacter (0.016±0.000) and consortium (0.018±0.000). Significant rise (P<0.05) in carbohydrate content (%) control (51.976±0.768), Azospirilum (69.690±3), Azotobacter (69).656+2), and consortium 70).190± (5). Protein content control (0.028±0.001), Azospirilum (0.040±0.000), Azotobacter (0.060±0.001) and consortium (0.061±0.000) all significantly increased [P< 0.05]. Growth is significantly affected by single injection and control when compared to plants being treated with Azotobacter, Azospirilum or both (P < 0.05). According to the findings, plant mineral fixation through nitrogen fixation and phosphorous solubilization seems to be improved by bio-fertilizer inoculation as well as their mineral nutrition’s improvement.

ABSTRACT
At the start, we consider the greatest decreases in reproducing populace size that have been seen across a wide scope of animal categories. The essential imperative on such an activity is that these alleged memorable paces of decline will constantly misjudge real decays, since genuine notable populace maxima will have happened well before fishery the executives offices started gathering information on fish overflow. For most fish populaces, dependable quantitative information on overflow have just been accessible for the beyond 2 to thirty years. One incredibly helpful information base in such manner has been kept up with by Ransom Myers at Dalhousie University. In this information base, bringing forth stock size, enlistment, gets by the fishery, and fishing mortality, all assessed by the public or global organization answerable for the administration of every populace, are accessible for a considerable length of time. Obviously marine fishes have encountered phenomenal downfalls comparative with known memorable levels. These information depend on populaces for which time series reach out something like 10 years, with a mean of 25 years and a limit of 73 years. Taken all in all, the middle greatest populace decline among the 232 populaces for which information are accessible is 83%; well over portion of the populaces (58%) showed most extreme decays of 80% or more. The solid negative slant in the information, and the high middle decrease in overflow, are likewise apparent at lower ordered levels. Among 56 populaces of clupeids, 73% experienced notable downfalls of 80% or more. Inside the Gadidae and cod, of the 70 populaces for which there are information, the greater part declined 80% or more. Furthermore, among 30 pleuronectid populaces, 43% displayed declines of 80% or more. These outcomes are sobering for two reasons. To start with, a considerable lot of them have happened notwithstanding a gigantic work to keep them from occurring. Second, as indicated ...

ABSTRACT
Fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, is increasingly present in aquatic environments due to agricultural runoff. This study investigates its toxic effects on the liver and kidney of Channa punctatus, a common freshwater fish, through histopathological analysis. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (LC50 Value 96 hrs. = 3ppb) of Fenvalerate over 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Observations revealed time-dependent structural damage in both organs, including vacuolation, necrosis, glomerular shrinkage, and tubular degeneration. The findings highlight the risk posed by Fenvalerate contamination to aquatic life and the need for regulated pesticide use.

ABSTRACT
In recent times, increase in human interference on aquatic environment has tremendously interfere on the biota composition which nonetheless contribute to health status of fish. This study was undertaken to identify the bacterial flora from thirty-six life samples of C. nigrodigitatus and O. niloticus collected from two environments; fresh water (Osun River) and Brackish water (Lagos Lagoon) South-western Nigeria, Sub Saharan Africa. Specimen were collected from gills, intestines and skins of fish species and homogenized in 105 serial dilutions with distilled water. The specimens were cultured on Nutrient agar using pour plate method at 37oC for 24 hours. Two-way ANOVA was used to calculate mean count at P<0.05 significant level. Bacterial flora occurrence from the two species are: Streptococcus spp (10%), Vibrio spp (3%), Escherichia coli (15%), Micrococcus spp (3%), Aeromonas spp (7%), Bacillius spp (3%), Spirillium spp (6%), Proteus spp (4%), Staphylococcus spp (18%), Pseudomonas spp (14%), Aerococcus spp (5%), Lactobacillius spp (1%), Alcogenes spp (1%), Citrobacter spp (1%), Fusobacterium spp (2%), Flexibacter spp (3%), Flavobacterium spp (2%), Salmonella spp (1%), klebisella spp (1%). Total bacteria count found in each sample from Lagos lagoon was higher than that of samples from Osun River, which may be attributed to dense urbanization around brackish water environment as a result of higher degree of pollution.