ABSTRACT
Background: Exposure to noise could be caused many unhealthy conditions. If noise was in suitable limit, it was not been harm. Objective of this study was to determine the health effects of noise on workers’ health. Methods: It was a study. The articles with people who were employed in different industries were participated in this study. Articles groups were followed for sleep disorders, psychological, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms and signs. These groups were exposed to different levels of noise; according to work site, 4 groups were participated: work site 1, work site 2, work site 3 and work site 4. Symptoms and signs were determined. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16. ANOVA, Chi-2, Exact test and relative risks with considering P<0.05 as significant level. Results: In articles Work site 4, had the most noise levels; 79.05±0.10 dB A. Sleep disorders, psychological, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms and signs. Were determined. All of the symptoms and signs were the most in group 4. Relative risks for confusion was 1.88(1.20-2.95), for loss of concentration was 1.72(1.17-2.53), for fatigue was 1.71(1.02-3.57). Risks for headache and sleep disorders in group 4 were 1.70(1.01-3.56) and 1.61(1.03-3.77). Conclusions: Noise had health effects in low to moderate levels and might be caused confusion, loss of concentration, fatigue, headache and sleep disorders.

ABSTRACT
On-road truckers face unique occupational stressors—long hours, irregular schedules, isolation, serious accident risk, and job insecurity—that can cumulatively increase vulnerability to depressive symptoms. While chronic stress is a well-documented risk factor for depression, the specific pathway through which occupational stress translates into depressive symptoms in this population remains underexplored. The purpose of a paper on the stress–depression pathway in on-road trucking is to explore the relationship between stress and depression in truck drivers, particularly in the context of their work environment. The paper aims to provide a conceptual model that explains how stressors related to trucking can lead to depression, and how understanding this relationship can inform interventions and support for truck drivers. The analysis of the conceptual model reveals that the influence of psychosocial stressors on fatigue and depressive symptoms in long-distance truck drivers (LDTD) contributes to depressive symptoms due to the body's inability to handle the stress effectively, leading to a cycle of negative mental health outcomes. In conclusion, the paper seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field by offering insights into the psychological impact of trucking and by suggesting potential strategies to improve mental health among truck drivers. The paper concludes that understanding these interconnections is essential for developing effective strategies to support the mental health of long-distance truck drivers and reduce the prevalence of fatigue and depressive symptoms in this occupational group.

ABSTRACT
The word introversion originates from the Modern Latin introvertere combining intro (to the inside) and vertere (to turn). It was in use in the early 17th century regarding spiritual contemplation before being popularized by Carl Jung in the 1910s to describe focusing energy inward. Then solitude originates from the Latin word solitudinem meaning loneliness, solitariness rooted in solus meaning alone. Historically, it has transitioned from a religious practice of withdrawal to a, often, positive, modern, and voluntary state of being alone for self-reflection and personal growth. It is distinct from the often, painful, emotional experience of loneliness. Psychoanalytically, solitude is seen as a fundamental human experience that develops in early life. It is often described as a dualism or a “state of being with the self.” Somehow contrary to the traditional belief that introverts universally thrive in solitude, recent studies suggest a more complex relationship between personality and the enjoyment of alone time. This exposition investigates these nuances finding that while introversion is associated with higher frequency of being alone, it does not directly predict enjoyment of that solitude. Instead, the pleasure derived from solitary environments is more closely linked to a proactive “solitropic” motivation rather than simply a low desire for social interaction. Furthermore, research suggests that the benefits of solitude such as mental rejuvenation and reduced stress are experienced by various personality types when the choice to be alone is autonomous and volitional. It is suggested that “high functioning” introverts seek solitary environments for personal growth rather than escape. Introversion is often characterized by a preference for quieter environments and a need to manage social stimulation. The author explores the physiological underpinnings of the preference, examining how introverts utilize solitude for cognitive and emotional restoration. While socia

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the psychological profile of self-actualized Palestinian entrepreneurial women through an in-depth case study approach. The research addresses a critical gap in understanding the intersection between entrepreneurship, psychological resilience, and self-actualization within conflict-affected contexts such as the Gaza Strip. Drawing on clinical and qualitative methodologies, the study integrates projective and structured assessment tools, including the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), self-actualization scales, problem-solving measures, optimism, risk-taking tendencies, social power orientation, and moral reasoning assessments. The findings reveal that self-actualized entrepreneurial women exhibit a complex psychological structure characterized by high levels of intrinsic motivation, adaptive problem-solving strategies, cognitive flexibility, and a strong sense of purpose aligned with both personal and collective goals. Despite exposure to socio-political constraints and economic instability, participants demonstrated resilience patterns supported by optimism, internal locus of control, and moral commitment. Notably, the interaction between self-actualization and entrepreneurial traits appears to be mediated by contextual adversity, transforming external constraints into drivers of psychological growth and innovation. The study contributes to the literature by offering a context-sensitive psychological model of female entrepreneurship in marginalized environments, emphasizing the role of internal psychological resources in achieving self-actualization. The findings have practical implications for psychological counseling, entrepreneurship development programs, and gender-focused empowerment policies in similar socio-cultural contexts.