ABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Gall bladder carcinoma was first described in 17th century, Incidence of gall stones increased over time and so is the incidence of carcinoma gall bladder. Still tumor remains characterized by an unfavourable prognosis due to silent progression of the clinical course and limited knowledge of its aetiology and poor scientific capability for epidemiological forecasting. The incidence of GBC varies in different parts of the world. Overall incidence ranges from 0.11/100000 to 10.6/100000 in different cancer registries worldwide [1]. Our study is an attempt to establish relationship between CA19-9, CEA with metastasis, operability and resectability. Methods: Study type is prospective cohort study. It was carried out among newly diagnosed, intraoperative and referred cases of carcinoma gall bladder at IGMC Shimla. All newly diagnosed, intraoperative and referred cases of carcinoma gallbladder were recruited in the study. The total duration of study was of one year. Result: Female sex in their sixties are most commonly involved. Gall stones are associated with 56% of the patients. In CECT abdomen most common finding is of metastatic disease. Adenocarcinoma is most common HPE finding. CEA and CA19-9 both show direct relation with metastasis and in operability and inverse relation with resectability however results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Gall bladder carcinoma incidence is increasing with time but measures to tackle it not evolving at the desired speed. CEA and CA19-9 showed some promising results but still a larger study needed to establish relation between them and the factors mentioned above. Primary prevention will arrive once high risk environmental toxins and genetic abnormalities are clearly identified and further studies should be dedicated for its early diagnosis and treatment.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Schwannoma of the superficial peroneal nerve is very rare, with only four cases reported till 2006. Unlike neurofibromas, schwannomas do not traverse through the nerve but remain in the sheath lying on top of the nerve. Here we present a rare case of Schwannoma of the superficial peroneal nerve with split fat sign. A 48 year old woman complained of a swelling in the lateral aspect of proximal 1/3rd of right leg below the knee joint for 2 weeks. The swelling was painless and very small to begin with but it gradually progressed to the current size of 4 x 2 cm and caused mild pain. On examination mild tenderness and increased local warmth was noted at the site of the swelling. Sensations were intact at the site of swelling. There was no history was trauma or co-morbidities. MRI findings revealed a well-defined ovoid lesion which shows isointensity to muscle in T1WI and hyperintensity in T2 STIR, arising from the nerve sheath in the subcutaneous plane lateral to the right fibular neck. Axial and Coronal T2 STIR MR image of right fibular neck shows an image of right fibular neck with a large ovoid lesion which has predominantly high signal and is eccentrically located in distribution of superficial peroneal nerve which has central region low signal intensity representing “target” sign, which is also known as split fat sign. Differential diagnosis considered were schwannoma and neurofibroma. Later bone curettage was performed and histopathology examination revealed findings consistent with schwannoma.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Trauma-related injuries are one of the leading causes of death and disability in young adult throughout the world. Road traffic accident is the main cause of trauma among the younger one. Aims and Objective: To determine the prevalence and the cause of traumatic injuries and the particular part of the body where trauma mostly affected. Materials and Method: A retrospective study of 400 patients (radiographs) of age group of 26-35years, with suspected cases of traumatic injuries referred to radiology department UDUTH during a period of 10 months (January 2017 to October 2017) were included in this study. Result: From 400 patients studied 282(70.5.%) were male and 118 (29.5%) were female. The mean age of the participants was (45.4), and majority of victims are within the age group of 26–35years accounted for 134 (33.5%) and Head is the common body part affected accounts of 149 (37.3%). Road traffic accidents (RTA) were the predominant cause of trauma injury among the patients accounting for (44%) of the cases, followed by assault patients accounted for only (22.5%) and domestic violence/accidents was the least cause of trauma with (5.8%) of the cases. Radiological assessment has played a vital role in identifying the actual region affected and the type of injury. Conclusion: Trauma is one of the major referral cases that come to the radiology. However, radiology is a second home to trauma cases apart from the trauma centre. Trauma is a major health challenge because it is one of the leading causes of death and disability among younger age group.