ABSTRACT
Based on secondary data in the form of published books, papers, journals, reports and a critical analyses of primary sources in the form of interviews, newspaper, radio and television debates this article addresses the decentralization policy not only as a form of political organization and management of a state, but it attempts to prospective theoretical hypotheses regarding decentralization as an effective instrument for conflict management and prevention especially in a complex state with numerous ethnic groups and a dual colonial identity cohabiting side by side. While many decentralization experts assume thatcontext make a significant difference, the empirical analysis points to very similar that decentralization affects the conflict proneness of ethnic groups in a society. Those who stress the pacific effect of autonomy build directly on decentralization as a way to resolve conflicts over public goods provision by taking into account heterogeneous preferences among regions in a country. By improving policy responsiveness to as many people as possible, grievances can be avoided and peaceful avenues for political change provided to potential secessionists.Thus, this paper sustains that the policy of decentralization not only is an efficient instrument for conflict management, but it could prevent conflict in the long run and contribute towards an equitable distribution of wealth and balance development.

ABSTRACT
To find out the risk factors of acne vulgaris among young females visiting hospitals in Lahore.A cross sectional study was done to assess young females suffering from acne vulgaris attending dermatological ward at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Total 100 females were chosen through non-probability convenient sampling technique and participants were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Study duration was 4 months from February 2018-May 2018. About 63% womens were under stress, 58% womens were taking spicy foods.67% womens were having blackheads as a symptom. In the dietary determinants consumption of chocolate was highest with 67%.There was a significant association of marital status with consumption of spicy food, stress, consumption of medicines and family history of PCO,s. association of BMI was also significant with hormonal imbalance and PCO,s. The study concluded that consumption of spicy food and medicine, stress, hormonal imbalance and history of PCO,s family history of acne, blackheads, fair complexion were the major risk factors responsible for acne vulgaris.

ABSTRACT
Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) is an active component of Adolescent health initiative of the Rashtriya Kishori Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) of the National Health Mission (NHM) of all the 18 Empowered Action Group states where NHM is operational since the introduction of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 (GoI, 2014). MHM is defined as ‘women & adolescent girls are using clean menstrual management materials to absorb or collect blood that can be changed in privacy as often as necessary for the duration of the menstrual period, using soap & water for washing the body as required & having access to facilities to dispose of used menstrual management materials (WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2012). Globally, at least 500 million women & girls lack proper access to menstrual hygiene facilities. Several factors influence difficult experiences with menstruation, including inadequate facilities & materials, menstrual pain, fear of disclosure & inadequate knowledge about the menstrual cycle (World Bank, 2018). The global MHM day started in 2014 when the German based NGO WASH united co-ordinated the menstrual hygiene day as the overall global co-ordinator. The global day was decided to be the 28th of May every year as the menstrual cycle is of 28-day duration & usually lasts for 5 days. That’s how it is 28th day of the 5th month of every year (Wikipedia, 2014). Similarly, on these lines, the RKSK program was also launched in India in the year 2014 (GoI, 2014). The objective of the current study is to see the relevance of Homoeopathy in the area of MHM & whether the symptoms collected on MHM about 200 years ago will be still relevant in the current era of using disposable sanitary pads by menstruators.

ABSTRACT
This study examines the effects of literacy education to guide against girl child abuse in Ibadan of Oyo State, Nigeria. The population for this study consists of all children in both public and private secondary schools in Ibadan town of Oyo State, Nigeria. The research instrument used was questionnaire and one hundred and fifty (150) respondents were used among the four selected literacy centers. The result showed that sexual abuse, right to equality was always violated by child marriages, beliefs in traditional attitudes deeply entrenched in custom practices child marriage, female genital mutilation was massively practiced and molestation are forms of child abuse in Ibadan of Oyo State, Nigeria. This study therefore recommended that there should be public enlightenment programmers to combat mass ignorance and public awareness on the right to freedom from all forms of child abuse and as much as possible, teachers/caregivers should avoid the use of corporal punishment because it only teaches children that violence is the best way of maintaining control and it encourages them to hit other children. The study concluded that child abuse and neglect is a global problem that takes place in many setting one of which is the school. Child abuse as discussed has serious implications on the educational system in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
This single group experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an Enrichment Program delivered to the deaf-blind students. It evaluated the improvement in the achievement test scores of the deaf-blind student before and after the Enrichment Program. Single group pretest and posttest experimental study design was adopted for this study. The sample size was small due to low number of students with multisensory impairment of deafblindness. The findings revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in the pre-enrichment program assessment test and post-enrichment program assessment test scores of the deaf-blind students at p < 0.05. However, no significant difference was seen in the post-enrichment program assessment test and follow-up assessment test. These findings suggest that the Enrichment Program delivered using multiple communication strategies such as Tactile Sign language and body schemas significantly improves the learning process in the deaf-blind students.

ABSTRACT
This research paper sought to ascertain the relationship between Jordan and Turkey especially in the light of the regional changes from the year 2003 to 2020. The first chapter of the paper is the introduction part and seeks to ascertain how the relations between the two countries has been enhanced through having a history of shared values that have ultimately resulted in strengthened through bilateral associations. Based on the research paper, it is ascertained that the relationships between Turkey and Jordan were regarded as being the most ancient and were therefore first started by the founding fathers of the two nations namely King Abdullah 1 Bin Al Hussein who lived from 1882 to the year 1951 and the Turkish Republic founder known as Kamal Mustafa who lived from 1881 to 1938. The first chapter thus presents background information on when the relationship between the two countries (Turkey and Jordan) started and the relevant people that played significant roles in the establishment of bilateral relationships between the two nations. Among other aspects, the first chapter thus presents the various similarities that made the two countries have relations that helped in the enhancement of their social, economic, and cultural aspects. One of the important assertions in the first chapter is that the relations between the two countries were known to have had an immense development during the period of the “Justice and Development Party” that occurred from the year 2002 to the year 2020 and which was not only marked through mutual respect between Turkey and Jordan but which were also marked by lots of mutual visitations between the two nations. The visitations between the two countries were known to have been concerned with both the regional as well as global affairs that affected the two countries. It also sought to ascertain bilateral relationship between Jordan and Turkey in various aspects that included among others aspects of cooperation in matters to do with the P

ABSTRACT
With the deepening of people's understanding of the functions and essence of language, language research is also advancing, especially the study of language planning related to the national economy and people's livelihood, which has gradually become the focus of the academic community, and has attracted the attention of the state and all levels of society. In this paper, content analysis method is used to analyze the journal articles published in CSSCI with the title of language planning as the key words. The quantitative and qualitative statistical analysis is carried out from the following aspects: the trend of the amount of articles published, the hot spots of research, the distribution of disciplines, the fund projects, etc. This paper reviews the current research situation of language planning, explores the existing problems in the research of language planning in China, and hopes to provide reference for the application and development of language planning research.

ABSTRACT
As a common phenomenon in today's society, gift-giving plays a vital role in people's life and daily communication. And it has become a global social etiquette. Meanwhile, as a basic but important need of human beings, face is frequently used by people in daily life, especially in gift etiquette, and face is precisely an aspect of gift etiquette, which can’t be ignored. In order to avoid face-threatening behavior in intercultural gift etiquette, we have to understand and be familiar with the differences of face among people who have different culture background. Although domestic and foreign scholars have done a positive research on gift etiquette, the research from the perspective of face theory still has a great space and needs further study. In this paper, Brown & Levinson's face theory is applied to analyze Chinese and Western gift etiquette and this thesis also tries to explore the cultural factors that cause the differences through some examples. This thesis will not only help us better understand the face theory, but also render us a helping hand in finding strategies of avoiding Face Threatening Acts, and promote interpersonal communication, especially benefit to intercultural communication.

ABSTRACT
In the last two decades, intra-racial tensions and conflict with ethnic undertones have littered the political landscape of Nigeria which has resulted into blood-shedding and the greatest human and material destruction. The menaces of inter-racial conflict and pervasive ethnic hostilities in different parts of the country have posed serious threats to the survival of the Nigerian State. This could be seen in the crises between the Biroms, Anagutas, Afizeres and the Hausa-Fulanis in the Middle Belt, Umuleri and Aguleri in Anambra State, Ife-Modakeke in Osun State, Ijaw and Itsekiri in the Niger Delta. The South West also witnessed intractable, interpenetrated ethnic strife stretching between the Yorubas and the Hausa settlers in the Shagamu, Ogun State and some parts of Lagos State, the Ijaw and the Ilaje people in Ondo State. However, the instrumentalisation of cultural differences and belongings is often seen as one of the dominant causes of conflicts in the country. Based on experiences of communal and intra-racial conflict in the country, the study explores cultural diversity and the challenge of ethnic conflict in Nigeria. It also seeks to enrich our understanding of the role played by cultural expressions and identities in triggering or exacerbating conflicts based on factors of nationality, ethnicity and language. The study further explores a set of methodological proposals for the elaboration of indicators on cultural diversity and conflict prevention. The study also examines the viability of tools and resources available to foster intercultural dialogue between different ethnic groupings in the country. More precisely, it makes suggestions on how cultural diversity could be seen as an asset in conflict prevention, mediation and resolution in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
In Cameroonian societies like elsewhere in Africa, people narrate their history of origin linked to myths and legends. The people of Warr and Tang clans of Mbum ethnic group have specific sites where they migrated before settling on the Nkambe Plateau. This study examines the path history holds from scientific investigations where the Warr and Tang clans originated. From historical findings, the clans migrated at different epochs from Kimi in the present-day Adamawa Region of Cameroon. While on the plateau, the Warr myth holds that, they emerged from a water pool and first settled at Mbiribo before establishing secondary settlements. The Tang on their part hold strongly to their legend of the striped field mouse that gave them the idea on how to cross River Kofatar and it subsequently led them to Talla, and conversely they separated to established different settlement sites. The study demonstrates how myths and legends contribute to historical construction, by pointing out the real meaning inbuilt in myths and legends, which are used metaphorically. In historical appraisal, this paper argues that myths and legends constitute an integrated factor in communities co-existing and reconstruction of history.