ABSTRACT
Employee motivation, employee productivity, and job satisfaction are important determinants of organisational effectiveness and employee performance. This review discusses the existing literature on these three dimensions, with particular emphasis on studies conducted at the International, national, and Northeast Indian levels. The review covers studies examining the determinants of employee motivation, factors affecting employee productivity, and determinants and outcomes of employee job satisfaction. The literature indicates that working relationships, career development, training, autonomy, recognition, remuneration, organisational climate, working conditions, performance management, and employee development are important factors influencing employee motivation and productivity. Similarly, job satisfaction is influenced by compensation, leadership, work environment, career development, work-life balance, organisational support, and human resource practices. Studies from Northeast India indicate that organisational climate, work culture, infrastructure, institutional support, work pressure, human resource policies, motivation, and hygiene factors are particularly relevant to employee outcomes in the region. However, the review identifies a relative shortage of integrated empirical studies examining motivation, productivity and job satisfaction together, particularly among employees and service-sector organisations in Northeast India. The review therefore highlights the need for context-specific research that examines the interrelationships among these variables and identifies the motivational and organisational factors that can improve employee productivity and job satisfaction in the Northeast Indian context.

ABSTRACT
The Apatani community of Ziro Valley in Arunachal Pradesh has a distinctive cultural landscape shaped by traditional agriculture, indigenous ecological knowledge, customary institutions, religious practices, traditional housing, food, dress, and community life. In recent decades, however, the community has experienced considerable socio-cultural and economic transformation due to modernisation, education, improved transportation and communication, market integration, tourism, technological development, and changing aspirations. This study examines the Apatani community's changing lifestyle, identifies the major factors driving these changes, and assesses their positive and negative implications for cultural identity and traditional knowledge. The findings indicate changes in occupation, housing, agricultural practices, food habits, traditional attire, religious practices, and community decision-making. The survey also shows that traditional institutions such as Buliang and indigenous ecological knowledge remain important. At the same time, traditional attire, facial tattoos, traditional agricultural dependence, and some ritual practices are declining. The study concludes that Apatani society is experiencing a gradual transition from a predominantly traditional lifestyle towards a mixed and modern way of life. A balanced approach to development is therefore necessary to improve living standards while preserving cultural identity, indigenous knowledge, and environmentally sustainable practices.

ABSTRACT
The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is introducing a fundamental shift in the relationship between researchers, scholarly information and academic library research services. Academic libraries have traditionally served as information providers and professional intermediaries, guiding researchers in the discovery, retrieval, evaluation and use of scholarly information. However, the increasing capacity of GenAI tools to perform literature search, synthesis, research ideation, data-analysis assistance, academic writing and reference-style interaction is creating a new form of research assistance that challenges established patterns of library-mediated information access. This article examines the emerging relationship between GenAI and academic library research services from three perspectives: competition, collaboration and convergence. The article argues that GenAI competes with the routine functions of research services by reducing the need for human mediation in some information activities and by offering researchers immediate, conversational and accessible assistance. At the same time, GenAI presents an opportunity for collaboration by augmenting librarians' capabilities in reference services, literature searching, research support and information-literacy instruction. Beyond competition and collaboration, the article conceptualizes convergence as an emerging research-support environment in which the researcher, librarian, GenAI and scholarly information operate as interconnected components. The article contends that the increasing use of GenAI does not necessarily signify the disappearance of academic library research services but rather their transformation. It, therefore, advocates the repositioning of librarians as AI-informed research advisers, the development of AI literacy among librarians and researchers, strategic integration of GenAI into library services with human verification, and institutional policies for responsible AI-suppo

ABSTRACT
Academic librarians are increasingly expected to function as subject experts, knowledge curators, and interdisciplinary collaborators. Yet, traditional library science education often lacks the disciplinary depth needed to meet the demands of subject-specific information services. Drawing from personal experience and reflective observation, this paper critiques the mono-disciplinary focus of library training in Nigeria and advocates for a hybrid educational model that enables librarians to evolve as professionals of other disciplines. The study proposes a structural shift in curriculum, professional identity, and policy frameworks to support librarians as active contributors to scholarly advancement across academic spectrum. From the evidence and arguments presented, the paper concluded that librarianship in Nigeria should be repositioned from a custodial, technique-centered profession to a cognitively flexible and interdisciplinary knowledge enterprise if it is to remain relevant within the 21st-century academic environment. Among others, it was recommended that Library and Information Science (LIS) curricula in Nigeria should be restructured to include formal subject-specialization pathways, such as minors, dual degrees, or certified disciplinary concentrations to strengthen contextual understanding of user domains.

ABSTRACT
Despite near-universal antenatal care and facility-delivery coverage, neonatal mortality in Zimbabwe rose between 2019 and 2023–24, exposing a gap between service contact and newborn survival. A cluster-randomised trial in Mashonaland West Province found that institutionalising three community health system "vital signs" (trained village health workers, functional community governance, and participatory women's and men's learning and action groups) reduced neonatal deaths by 57%. The women's and men's groups protected newborns only once attendance was sustained over multiple meeting cycles, consistent with a cumulative participatory social-change mechanism rather than an effect of assignment alone. Policy should formalise village health workers, grant community governance structures real financial and operational authority, and sustain participatory groups over the years, directing investment toward the most under-governed and underserved communities.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: This article examines the social, economic and institutional dynamics underlying the persistence of land-related conflicts associated with artisanal diamond mining in the villages of Bobi and Forona, located respectively in the sub-prefectures of Bobi and Diarabana, in the Séguéla Department of the Worodougou Region of Côte d’Ivoire. Particular attention is paid to the tensions arising from the coexistence of customary and statutory law in the governance of mining-related land. Methodology: The study adopts a mixed-methods approach combining documentary research, semi-structured and unstructured interviews, focus group discussions, and a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was administered to 64 artisanal diamond miners, including 42 in Bobi and 22 in Forona. The analysis draws primarily on the theory of legal pluralism (Griffiths, 1986; Vanderlinden, 1972), complemented by social conflict theory (Marx, 1867; Dahrendorf, 1959) and the theory of access to resources (Ribot and Peluso, 2003). Results: The findings indicate that the respondents are predominantly married men (87.30%), while 67.18% are primarily engaged in mining activities. Access to land is organised through both open-ended arrangements, notably customary grants and theoretically prohibited sales, and time-limited arrangements, such as loans, tenancy agreements and leases involving the payment of rent. The conflicts identified are predominantly intra-family disputes (35.93%), followed by conflicts between indigenous community members (31.25%), boundary disputes (18.18%), and inter-village conflicts (14.06%). Conflict resolution remains overwhelmingly grounded in customary mechanisms (75% of cases), whereas administrative intervention accounts for only 25%.

ABSTRACT
Amul's topical advertisements represent one of the world's longest-running contextual advertising which is successfully integrating contemporary socio-political, cultural, economic, and sporting events with a distinctive and recognizable visual identity. While previous research has extensively examined advertising effectiveness, consumer engagement, and brand communication, limited studies have quantitatively investigated the visual consistency of topical advertisements using Image Analytics. To address this research gap, the present study proposes a data-driven image analytics framework implemented in Orange Data Mining to analyze visual similarity patterns within a dataset of selected 60 Amul topical advertisements. Deep image embeddings were extracted from each advertisement to capture high-level semantic visual features, which were subsequently analyzed using Euclidean distance computation, distance matrices, hierarchical clustering, k-means clustering, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE), and outlier detection. The proposed workflow enables an objective and scalable assessment of visual relationships among advertisements without relying on manual annotation, thereby providing a reproducible methodology for evaluating brand consistency through unsupervised machine learning. The experimental analysis demonstrates that although the advertisements represent diverse contemporary events and creative narratives, they exhibit a high degree of visual consistency through recurring illustration styles, typography, mascot representation, color composition, and layout design. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of deep image embeddings and unsupervised learning for objectively assessing visual branding strategies. The proposed framework contributes to the growing intersection of computer vision, image analytics, and marketing analytics by providing a scalable and reproducible approach for evaluating visual consistency in advertising campaigns, with p