ABSTRACT
Background: Supracondylar fractures are the most common elbow fractures in children, with Gartland type II fractures posing treatment controversies regarding conservative casting versus operative fixation. Optimal management remains debated to achieve the best functional and radiological outcomes while minimising complications. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to compare conservative casting and operative treatment by K-wire in Gartland type II supracondylar fracture in children. Methods: This observational comparative study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, President Abdul Hamid Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2024 to May 2025. This study includes 50 paediatric patients presenting with Gartland type II supracondylar fractures of the humerus. The participants were divided into two groups each containing 25 patients: Group a included patients treated with conservative casting and Group B include patients treated with K-wire fixation. Result: Excellent outcomes were observed in 64% of Group A and 80% of Group B. The operative group showed significantly better extension recovery (mean extension lag: 2.2° vs. 3.4°, p=0.01). Baumann’s angle, flexion range, and fracture union times were similar between groups. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the conservative group. Complications differed, with loss of reduction and malunion in Group A, and pin site infections and nerve injuries in Group B. Conclusion: Both conservative casting and operative K-wire fixation are effective for Gartland type II fractures. Operative treatment showed trends towards better extension outcomes and fewer reductions lost, while conservative management effectively avoided surgical risks with reduced hospital stay.

ABSTRACT
Ring finger avulsion is a rare but severe hand injury, typically caused by a ring catching on a fixed object during a fall or sudden traction. This retrospective study analyzes seven cases treated at the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital between 2017 and 2021. All patients were male military personnel presenting with complete amputation of the left ring finger, classified as Urbaniak stage III. Each underwent surgical management with Chase amputation and medialization of the ring finger. Surgery was performed within an average of 12 hours post-injury. Early rehabilitation was initiated to optimize functional recovery. After a two-year follow-up, all patients achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes. The Chase technique, which repositions the middle finger to replace the ring finger, offers a reliable solution when replantation is not possible. This study highlights the need for early intervention, proper rehabilitation, and increased awareness of preventive measures, especially in high-risk occupational settings.

ABSTRACT
Fibular head avulsion fractures are rare injuries that often reflect significant trauma to the posterolateral corner of the knee. This case report presents two adult patients with avulsion fractures of the fibular head, both involving lateral collateral ligament damage. The first case involved bilateral knee trauma after a motor vehicle accident, while the second resulted from a sports-related injury. Diagnosis was confirmed via imaging, including identification of the "arcuate sign" on radiographs and 3D CT scans. Surgical management through direct screw fixation was performed in both cases, followed by structured rehabilitation. At one-year follow-up, both patients showed complete recovery with restored knee stability and full range of motion. This report highlights the importance of early recognition and comprehensive treatment to prevent long-term posterolateral instability and functional impairment.

ABSTRACT
Neck pain is a prevalent mechanical musculoskeletal condition often linked to alterations in cervical lordosis, commonly resulting from poor posture, muscle imbalances, or degenerative changes. This commentary examines the role of conservative management strategies, including physical therapy, postural correction, and manual therapy, in restoring and maintaining the natural curvature of the cervical spine to alleviate pain. Additionally, it highlights the role of advanced spinal assessment tools, particularly Nordic health devices, which provide precise, quantifiable data on cervical spine alignment, range of motion (ROM), and muscle imbalances. Key outcome measures, such as the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Cobb’s angle, and the Neck Pain and Disability Index (NPAD), facilitate the evaluation of pain severity, spinal alignment, and functional impairment in individuals with neck pain. By leveraging these technologies, objective data can be gathered to identify abnormal spinal curvature and muscle imbalances, enabling the development of personalized rehabilitation programs. The integration of conservative therapy with device-assisted spinal screening offers a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to managing cervical lordosis and mitigating neck pain, with continuous monitoring ensuring sustained treatment effectiveness.

ABSTRACT
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the fifth most common reason for hospital visits, which affects nearly 60-80% of people throughout their lifetime (Tillotson, 1995). The prevalence of low back pain is reported to be as high as 84%, and the prevalence of chronic low back pain is about 23%, with 11-12% of the population being disabled by low back pain (Koes, 2006). According to Damian (2014), In the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study the global age-standardised point prevalence of LBP (from 0 to 100 years of age) was estimated to be 9.4%. The same study showed that prevalence in 2010 was highest in Western Europe followed by North Africa/Middle East, and lowest in the Caribbean followed by central Latin America. Aim: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the level of tumour necrosis factor, physical activity and body adiposity in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain in relation to their apparently healthy counterparts between the age of 30 to 60 years in River’s state. Methodology: This is a quasi-experiment / cross sectional research design. Those that agreed to participate were included and they were selected randomly. All Patients with Non-specific chronic low back pain within the ages of 30 - 60, that complained of pain within 6 months, without any history of spinal decompression, non-pregnant women who presented with low back pain, who presented for treatment at the hospital participated in the study for the period of 6 months. Subjects with a history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, Pott’s disease, and use of drugs like steroids and pregnant women was excluded from the study because the cause of their back pain is known. Also, some of their back pain is temporary. They were of 2 groups. First group are the patients diagnosed of non-specific chronic low back pain and the second group are the apparently healthy individuals that serve as control. Their blood samples were taken by the lab scientist. and sent for analysis.

ABSTRACT
Ibn Sīnā emphasizes the importance of proper splinting techniques and meticulous wound care in the management of fractures, providing specific and detailed instructions for effectively managing particularly complicated cases, such as comminuted fractures, as well as those involving major bones and joints like the hip, femur, patella, and foot. His extensive work reveals not only a profound understanding of human anatomy and the complex mechanisms of treatment methods but also underscores practices that resonate with modern medical approaches, thereby highlighting the enduring historical significance of his contributions to the field of orthopedics and their relevance to contemporary medicine. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Ibn Sīnā’s significant insights into the complex topic of fractures, meticulously encompassing various types of fractures that may occur, including comminuted fractures, longitudinal fractures, and transverse fractures, along with a detailed discussion of the associated symptoms that are essential for effective diagnosis, such as pain, swelling, and deformity. Furthermore, the text delves deeper into the critical aspects of healing times that are necessary to understand for different types of fracture and elaborates on various factors that may hinder the recovery process, thus affecting patient outcomes, particularly in what is now known as the Theory of Delayed Splintage.

ABSTRACT
Giant cell tumors are benign bone tumors that can grow aggressively and destroy bones near a joint. They usually occur near the knee, wrist, ankle or hip. Although benign (noncancerous), giant cell tumors of bone can grow quickly. They represent the second soft tissue tumor after the synovial cyst. The localized form is the most common (nodular tenosynovitis). Typically occurring after a child has reached skeletal maturity, giant cell tumors are more commonly diagnosed in girls. They are rarely seen in young children. We report a clinical case of a 21-year-old girl with no previous health history, who consulted us for a tumor in the right wrist accompanied by swelling, pain and great functional impotence. The aim of this work is to perform a total excision of the tumor and recover good functionality of the hand given that it is the dominant limb.