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Introduction: The objective of this review was to identify the work carried out on the means of studying the root morphology and canal anatomy of permanent human teeth. Methodology: The search was carried out in the electronic databases Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, using the following keywords: “Root canal anatomy and study methods”, “Root canal anatomy” in “permanent dentition”, “Dental root canal morphology”, “Dental root canal anatomy”. These terms were used separately. Duplicates were removed using the reference management software "Zotero". Titles and abstracts were manually reviewed. Original articles, published in French or English, on the means of studying root morphology and canal anatomy of permanent human teeth were included. Results: A total of 21 articles were selected for this literature review. Two types of study methods are used: in vivo methods which are carried out in the clinic and in vitro methods which are carried out in the laboratory on extracted teeth. Cone beam computed tomography (in vivo) was used in eight studies. The in vitro methods used were Micro-tomography (six studies), Diaphanization technique (five studies), direct vision, Dental Microscope, Two-dimensional Radiography and Micro-tomography (one study), direct observation and Microscope (one study). Conclusion: From this literature review, it should be noted that the means of studying the root morphology and canal anatomy of teeth are in vivo means (two-dimensional and three-dimensional radiographs) and in vitro means (direct vision, molding, operating dental microscope, two-dimensional radiography, diaphanization, anatomical sections, micro-computed tomography).

ABSTRACT
Background: Bone graft materials are widely used in periodontal therapy, implant dentistry, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Adequate knowledge of graft types, properties, and indications is important for appropriate clinical decision-making among future dentists. Objective: To assess the knowledge and awareness regarding different bone graft materials among Compulsory Rotatory Internship (CRI) dental students in Chengalpet district. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among CRI dental students in Chengalpet district. A structured, self-administered 20-item multiple-choice questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge on bone graft definition, classification, biological properties, indications, contraindications, and clinical applications. Each correct response was scored as 1 (total score 0–20). Knowledge levels were categorized as poor (0–7), moderate (8–14), and good (15–20). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages) were used to summarize data. Results: A total of 154 students participated. The mean knowledge score was 13.44 ± 4.66 (range: 2–20). Good knowledge was observed in 52.6% of participants, moderate knowledge in 31.8%, and poor knowledge in 15.6%. Higher awareness was noted for basic concepts and general clinical indications of bone grafts, while lower scores were observed for questions related to graft biology, specific material properties, and criteria for material selection. Conclusion: CRI dental students demonstrated overall moderate to good knowledge of bone graft materials. However, deficiencies in advanced concepts and material selection were identified. Strengthening undergraduate clinical teaching and focused educational interventions may help bridge these gaps and improve clinical preparedness.

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Dental caries remains a major global health challenge, affecting billions through biofilm-mediated demineralization driven by dietary sugars and acidogenic bacteria. This comprehensive review synthesizes 2020-2025 evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, covering pathogenesis (pH <5.5 threshold), epidemiology (72% prevalence in pediatric populations), advanced diagnostics (fluorescence scanners with ICC > 0.8 agreement), and interventions including fluoride (20-38% caries reduction) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF). High-burden regions, including India, demonstrate rising early childhood caries (ECC) trends projected to 2040 without significant policy interventions. Modern management emphasizes minimally invasive techniques (selective caries removal) and comprehensive risk assessment (CAMBRA protocols). Novel agents such as postbiotics show promising preliminary results for biofilm inhibition. Integrated prevention strategies—combining fluoride, sealants, dietary modifications, and health promotion—offer equitable solutions while linking oral health to systemic well-being [6]. These findings underscore the urgent need for tailored, evidence-based strategies addressing vulnerable populations in resource-limited settings.

ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity. Oral manifestations occur in a variable proportion of patients and can be categorized as specific or non-specific lesions. These manifestations may precede, coincide with, or follow intestinal symptoms, emphasizing the importance of early recognition by dental professionals. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease demonstrate increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease compared to healthy individuals. Understanding these oral-systemic connections enables dentists to contribute to early diagnosis, facilitate multidisciplinary management, and improve patient outcomes through appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies.

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Impacted maxillary canines present unique challenges when diagnosed during the third decade of life. Treatment options include surgical exposure with orthodontic traction, auto transplantation, extraction with prosthetic replacement, and observation only. Success rates decline with advancing age, particularly beyond the age of 30 years. The treatment duration is significantly prolonged compared to that in adolescents, and complications such as ankylosis become more prevalent. Clinicians must carefully evaluate patient-specific factors, including tooth position, root development, and patient preferences, when selecting optimal management strategies for this age group.

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Background: Digital dentistry has transformed clinical workflows across multiple dental specialties, offering enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and patient-centered care. Advances in intraoral scanning, CAD/CAM systems, CBCT imaging, 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and virtual planning have redefined diagnosis, treatment planning, and restorative procedures. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of digital dentistry applications in routine clinical practice, highlighting current technologies, clinical benefits, limitations, and future directions. Methods: A narrative review of contemporary literature was performed, focusing on digital workflows in prosthodontics, implant dentistry, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, and oral surgery. Emerging technologies, including AI-driven treatment planning, digital twins, teledentistry, cloud-based ecosystems, and automation, were examined. Results: Digital technologies enhance clinical accuracy, reduce chairside and laboratory time, improve patient communication, and enable predictable, reproducible outcomes. They also support better documentation, data management, and environmentally friendly workflows. Limitations include high initial costs, technical learning curves, interoperability challenges, and limited long-term evidence for certain innovations. Future trends suggest fully digital clinics, AI-assisted decision-making, patient-specific digital twins, integrated teledentistry, and cloud-based collaborative platforms. Conclusion: Digital dentistry is increasingly becoming integral to routine clinical practice, offering substantial improvements in precision, efficiency, and patient care. While challenges remain, ongoing technological advancements, training, and research will continue to expand its adoption and impact across all dental specialties.

ABSTRACT
Alveolar osteitis is a frequent postoperative complication following dental extraction, particularly affecting the mandibular third molars. This condition manifests as severe postextraction pain accompanied by partial or complete loss of the blood clot within the extraction socket. Clinical diagnosis relies on characteristic features, including escalating pain beginning 1-3 days postoperatively and exposed alveolar bone. Management strategies encompass preventive measures using antimicrobial agents and therapeutic interventions, including irrigation, medicated dressings, platelet-rich preparations, and photobiomodulation therapy.