ABSTRACT
Fruit rot of grape caused by Alternaria tenuis was found to be resistant to Aureofungin. Fungicides viz. Calaxin, Karathane, Blitox, Ziram and Benomyl individually and mixture with Aureofungin were tested both in vitro and in vivo against resistant mutant of Alternaria tenuis. Result indicated that individually Calaxin gave 100% control followed by Karathane, blitox, ziram and benomyl at 100 µg/ml. Use of Aureofungin mixed with fungicides, the PCE was again increased, calaxin gave 100% PCE.
ABSTRACT
A study to assess the impact of wastes from Onuimo (Imo Rescue Mission) market on the microbiology of Imo River was carried out. Sediment and water samples were collected monthly and analysed quantitatively for faecal bacteria indicators of pollution and qualitatively for specific pathogens. The study reveals that the sites were heavily polluted with faecal bacteria (90 – 205 cfu/100 ml TVC and 17 – 64 cfu/100 ml TFC in water sample, and 51 – 216 cfu/100 ml TVC and 6 – 140 cfu/100 ml TFC in sediments) that consistently exceeded the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended range for potability. These organisms often comprised the pathogens; Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Candida spp., Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus spp., which seemed to be pervasive. They all tended to be highest in water samples during rainy season and in sediment samples during dry season. There is spatial variation (P>0.05) with point B as the most impaired segment. The findings show that the river is under heavy pollution due to wastes from the market and households around the river; and thus does not meet the World Health Organisation standards for domestic, irrigation and aquaculture purposes. The water should therefore be treated properly before use.
ABSTRACT
The environmental changes due to human activities have been a constant cause of concern for all of us. They are the reason for creating a general condition of stress for all organisms including the Aves. The base for this study was starvation stress being observed due to lack of natural food available for Aves. The study focusses on behavioral changes observed as a result of induced conditions of acute starvation in Rain Quails (Coturnix coromandelica). Later their serum protein were observed using Gel Electrophoresis and the banding pattern in the gel surfaces revealed changes which showed definite presence of proteins being formed or inhibited due to stress conditions. The results were later discussed.
ABSTRACT
In the current scenario, organic farming is a major research area the production of nutrients rich crops with high yield. Bio-composite, manure, fertilizer and enzymes synthesized from agro-waste and animal execratory waste are widely used for sustainable and eco-friendly cultivation. In this study, we evaluate the synergistic effect of bio-composite and bio-enzymes for better seed germination and growth. The seeds were germinated under different composition and measured their growth parameter at a regular time interval. In test sample having a combination of coconut husk fibres fine powder, egg-shell powder, carbon ash shows better seed germination, plantlet growth and pigment synthesis as a comparison to the control sample containing only cow dung and soil. However, the best outcome was observed in the test samples having all these constituents along with mocktail of bio-enzymes isolated from pineapple pulp. The results showed coconut fibre helps in better entrapment of minerals and the enzymes in better degradation of bio-composite, for the uptake nutrients and metabolic activities of growing embryo and plant.
ABSTRACT
A two-year Field Experiment was conducted during the 2013and 2014 seasons at Shambat, Sudan to study the effects of irrigation intervals on grain yield and yield components of 16 genotypes of sorghum. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. Three watering treatments consist of irrigation every week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks and 16 genotypes of sorghum. The reduction in yield obtained under prolonged watering intervals was associated with significant decrease in yield components i.e. head length, number of grains per head and 100-grain weight measured in this study. The increased of grain yield of wad ahmed, tabat and Bashaeer genotypes, even under water stress condition, was accompanied with substantial increase in yield related characters. This suggest that, the aforementioned tested genotypes showed good plasticity at least in response to irrigation intervals in this study. In conclusion, these sorghum genotypes were adapted and suitable cultivars for drought tolerant selection at the Shmabat conditions.
ABSTRACT
This paper tried to detect a burned area that occurred in the Diyala region of Eastern Iraq. In the past, forest and land fire not mostly occur in Iraq. During this time, it is possible that this phenomenon also occurs due to the existence of terrorism, especially the destruction of agriculture regions of the Wheat crop. The data used were Landsat-8, the latest generation of the Landsat series. The research methods include Mosaic method, Clip method, Atmospheric Correction, reflectance pattern analysis, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) extraction, separability analysis. The results show that P1, P2, P5 , NBRs and NBRL parameter shows the highest values of D-values (most sensitive), to detect the burned area. Then, compared to P1, P2, P5, and NBRs, Normalized Burn Ratio long (NBRL) provide better results in detecting burned areas.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of avian influenza virus (AIV) has spread in almost all provinces in Indonesia. Recently, it is reported, that layer chickens look healthy have decreased egg production. At necropsy, anatomical pathological lesions, such as pulmonary petechial and/or linear hemorrhages were observed. In chickens, AIV is endotheliotrophic, therefore a research needs to be done to evaluate whether the typical pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions is an AIV pathognomonic pathological lesions that can be used as a confirmative diagnosis for rapid and accurate AIV diagnosis. Twenty layer chickens looked healthy were used. All were necropsied and observed anatomical pathological lesions in the lungs. The lungs were then made histopathologically with routine staining of hematoxylin and eosin. The pulmonary anatomical pathological and histopathological lesions due to AIV infection were confirmed by applying immunohistopathological streptavidin biotin (IHC SB) with polyclonal antibody anti AIV nucleotrotein. The paraffin blocks of the lungs that are AIV immuniopathological positive were recut and stained with a routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. Histopathological lesion(s) of the hemorrhagic lungs were examined under the microscope, and were analyzed descriptively. In the present study, all layer chickens which were necropsied, had anatomical pathological lesions of petechial and / or linear hemorrhages and histopathological lesions of congestion and severe, diffuse hemorrhages in the lungs. It was concluded that pathological lesions in the lungs are pathognomonic in chickens infected with AIV
