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The Vagus in Disguise: Plexiform Schwannoma of Left Cervical Vagus Nerve - A Rare Case Report

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjms.2026.v08i07.002
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Background: Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors originating from Schwann cells. While they commonly present as solitary, slow-growing masses in the head and neck, the plexiform or multinodular variant involving the vagus nerve is exceedingly rare, particularly in pediatric patients. Case Description: We report the case of an 11-year-old male who presented with a painless, gradually progressive left-sided neck mass measuring 12 cm x 10 cms over a 6-month period, associated with progressive speech disturbances and dysphagia. Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) suggested a vagal nerve neurogenic tumor situated within the left parapharyngeal space. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was inconclusive. The patient underwent an en bloc surgical resection of the 10 x 9 cms tumor, which was intraoperatively noted to be continuous with the left vagus nerve. Histopathological examination confirmed a plexiform schwannoma, demonstrating spindle cells arranged in small fascicles with prominent Verocay bodies and nuclear palisading. Transient postoperative left vocal cord paresis and dysphagia occurred but subsequently resolved. Conclusion: Vagal nerve plexiform schwannomas pose significant diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and atypical presentations. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment, requiring a delicate balance between complete oncological resection and the preservation of lower cranial nerve function.

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Professor Thomas Count Dracula, MD, PhD

Distinguished Professor of Haematology Head — Experimental, Historical & Sensory Haematology Vlad the Impaler University, Wolf’s Lane, Wooden Stakes Grove 666, Transylvania.

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