Uterine rupture remains an obstetric complication associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of uterine rupture at the Essos Hospital Center in Yaoundé, Cameroon. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over 10 years from January 2012 to December 2022 at the Essos Hospital Center, a tertiary referral facility in Yaoundé. Medical records of women diagnosed with uterine rupture were reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, labor profile, intraoperative findings, management modalities, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The study revealed 26 cases of uterine rupture among 29,573 deliveries. The mean maternal age was 33.65 ± 5.21 years. Most women were multiparous, and more than half had previous uterine surgery, mainly cesarean section. Half of the patients were referred from other facilities. Complete uterine rupture occurred in most cases and most frequently involved the uterine body. Hysterectomy was the most performed surgical procedure. Maternal complications were frequent, predominantly anemia. Maternal mortality was 11.5%, while perinatal mortality reached 65.4%. Bivariate analyses did not demonstrate statistically significant associations between maternal characteristics and neonatal death. Uterine rupture therefore remains a life-threatening obstetric emergency in our setting, associated with substantial maternal morbidity and extremely poor neonatal outcomes. Improved antenatal risk identification, close intrapartum monitoring, particularly among women with previous cesarean sections, and timely referral to facilities capable of providing comprehensive emergency obstetric care are essential to reduce its burden.