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Breast Cancer in Young Women (Aged 40 and Below): Histopathological Types, Grades, and Biological Characteristics in Three Hospitals in Yaoundé

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjms.2026.v08i05.001
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Background: Breast cancer (BC) in young women (aged 40 years and below) tends to have peculiar characteristics and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Objective: It’s aimed to describe the clinical, histopathological and biological features of BC in young women in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study in three hospitals in Yaoundé (the General Hospital, the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, and the Military Hospital), with data collection from February through July 2025, covering a 6-year period (January 2019 to December 2024). We included women aged 40 and below, who had BC confirmed by histopathology and excluded those with incomplete files. Data were collected using a standardized form and analysed with R statistical software version 4.5.0. Results: We recruited 93 cases of BC in young women with adequate records. The age range was 18 to 40 years with a median at 34.0 years. BC was by far more common in the left (71.9%). The most common type was invasive ductal carcinoma (78.5%), and grade, grade II of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (57.0%). Locally advanced or Metastatic disease was predominant (75.3%), and tumour size was >2 cm in 67.7%. The proportion of the severe triple negative biological subtype was substantial (30% of 32% tested cases). Conclusion: From these findings, breast cancer in young women commonly occurred early in child-bearing age even though occurrence appeared to increase with age in our setting. The initial tumour was by far more common in the left breast. Large tumours were predominant, with advanced stage, high grade type and the most severe triple negative subtype being preponderant.

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Professor Thomas Count Dracula, MD, PhD

Distinguished Professor of Haematology Head — Experimental, Historical & Sensory Haematology Vlad the Impaler University, Wolf’s Lane, Wooden Stakes Grove 666, Transylvania.

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