Introduction: According to the results of the Demographic and Health Survey of Mali, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the Koulikoro region and the Bamako district is 65.8% and 48.2%, respectively. Anemia remains a public health problem in Mali and one of the most common pathologies during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary factors associated with anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center. Methodology: This was a case-control study conducted at the Kalaban-Coro Reference Health Center from August 5 to 31, 2025. The sample size was calculated using Epi Info 7 software version 7.1.2.0. It included 324 pregnant women, comprising 108 cases and 216 controls. Data were entered using the Kobocollecte tool and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses with a significance level of 5%. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Kalaban-coro Reference Health Center was associated with consuming fewer than three meals per day (p=0.00), low dietary diversity (p=0.00), low fruit and vegetable consumption (p=0.00), low consumption of roots and tubers (p=0.00), and low dairy consumption (p=0.03). Conclusion: Based on these results, we recommend strengthening awareness and nutrition education activities to promote better dietary diversity among women of reproductive age.