Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health issue affecting over 8–16% of the global population, with significant health consequences. The incidence and financial burden of managing this condition are substantial, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is about 3–4 times more common. An often overlooked but important effect of CKD is the alteration of sleep patterns, which impacts quality of life. Objective: This study sought to describe the characteristics and factors associated with sleep disorders among CKD patients at the Yaoundé General Hospital. Methodology: This case-control study was conducted at the Dialysis and Nephrology outpatient units of the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon from November 2016 to April 2017. Consenting CKD cases and controls were assessed for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a validated clinical tool. Sociodemographic, medical, and other relevant data were obtained from hospital records. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with a significance level of 0.05. Results: A total of 244 participants were included, with 141 CKD cases and 143 controls. Mean age was 48.32 ± 14.66 years for cases and 50 ± 14.19 years for controls. Hypertension/vascular nephropathy was the leading CKD cause (41.2%), and 83% of patients were on dialysis for an average of 36 ± 5 months. Poor sleep affected 60.3% of CKD patients versus 14% of controls, OSA risk was 61% versus 11.5%, RLS occurred in 42.5% versus 16.1%, and EDS in 58.9% versus 20.6%. Poor sleep was associated with anemia, hypertension, sex, diabetes, dialysis, and physical exercise. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are more frequent in individuals with CKD than in the general population in our setting, with a negative impact on quality of life.