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Surgical Pathology of Colorectal Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Correlation and Prognostic Grading

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjms.2022.v04i03.004
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Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents one of the most frequently encountered gastrointestinal malignancies in surgical pathology, with its incidence rising steadily across South Asian populations. The histopathological grading, tumour staging, and clinicopathological correlations are vital determinants of prognosis and therapeutic strategy. This study was conducted to systematically analyse the surgical pathology of colorectal carcinomas at two tertiary care institutions in India, with emphasis on histomorphological features and prognostic parameters. Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathological profile, histological grading, pTNM staging, and relevant histomorphological prognostic features of surgically resected colorectal carcinoma specimens over a defined study period. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from August 2020 to December 2021 at Dr Patnam Mahender Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, and Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore. A total of 80 surgically resected colorectal carcinoma specimens were included. Detailed gross and microscopic pathological examinations were performed. Tumours were graded and staged using WHO 2019 classification and AJCC 8th edition pTNM criteria respectively. Data were analysed using standard statistical methods. Results: The study included 80 cases with a male predominance (male:female = 1.5:1). The peak incidence was in the 51–60 year age group (32.5%). The rectum was the most common site (40%). Adenocarcinoma NOS was the predominant histological type (87.5%). Moderately differentiated (G2) tumours constituted the majority (47.5%). Stage III disease was most frequent (35%). Lymphovascular invasion (45%), tumour budding (40%), and perineural invasion (35%) were significant adverse prognostic features identified. Mucinous adenocarcinoma was seen in 22.5% of cases. Conclusion: Colorectal carcinoma predominantly affected middle-aged males with rectal predilection. Histolog

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Professor Thomas Count Dracula, MD, PhD

Distinguished Professor of Haematology Head — Experimental, Historical & Sensory Haematology Vlad the Impaler University, Wolf’s Lane, Wooden Stakes Grove 666, Transylvania.

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