Background: Nigeria is a country with a heavy burden of global neonatal mortality caused by preterm births and low birth weight. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an established low-cost intervention that enhances the survival of babies and maternal outcomes, but its adoption and retention are of poor quality, despite a high level of policy support. Aim: This narrative review synthesises evidence on the benefits of KMC for mothers and infants in Nigeria and analyses the determinants of multilevel implementation using an implementation science approach. Methods: The search took place in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by searching peer-reviewed articles that were published not older than 2025. Purposive sampling of evidence in Nigeria was done and synthesized using both the WHO KMC framework and CFIR. Findings: 12 studies were included in the study. KMC enhanced maternal psychological outcomes, thermoregulation, breastfeeding, and infection prevention, as well as survival. The limitations in implementation were a poor facility space, guidelines, inadequate provider training, poor leadership, socially held beliefs, the cost of hospitalization and support of the family. Conclusion: KMC's impact in Nigeria is effective, with an established impact, albeit with barriers to implementation. Recommendation: To achieve sustainable KMC scale-up and reduction in neonatal mortality, it is necessary to address the identified facility, workforce, leadership, sociocultural, and cost-related limitations.