Background: Bone graft materials are widely used in periodontal therapy, implant dentistry, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Adequate knowledge of graft types, properties, and indications is important for appropriate clinical decision-making among future dentists. Objective: To assess the knowledge and awareness regarding different bone graft materials among Compulsory Rotatory Internship (CRI) dental students in Chengalpet district. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among CRI dental students in Chengalpet district. A structured, self-administered 20-item multiple-choice questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge on bone graft definition, classification, biological properties, indications, contraindications, and clinical applications. Each correct response was scored as 1 (total score 0–20). Knowledge levels were categorized as poor (0–7), moderate (8–14), and good (15–20). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages) were used to summarize data. Results: A total of 154 students participated. The mean knowledge score was 13.44 ± 4.66 (range: 2–20). Good knowledge was observed in 52.6% of participants, moderate knowledge in 31.8%, and poor knowledge in 15.6%. Higher awareness was noted for basic concepts and general clinical indications of bone grafts, while lower scores were observed for questions related to graft biology, specific material properties, and criteria for material selection. Conclusion: CRI dental students demonstrated overall moderate to good knowledge of bone graft materials. However, deficiencies in advanced concepts and material selection were identified. Strengthening undergraduate clinical teaching and focused educational interventions may help bridge these gaps and improve clinical preparedness.