Introduction: The degradation of soil fertility in West Bengal has become a pressing issue on both an ecological and agricultural level due to years of intensive agricultural practices, the use of unbalanced fertilizers, nutrient depletion (mining), decreasing organic matter content (soil organic carbon), salinity encroachment in coastal areas, arsenic contamination, and widespread erosion of riverine terrain. The decline in organic matter in agricultural soils in the state is one of the most significant drivers of reduced fertility in West Bengal. Objectives: The aims of study are to assess the impact of soil fertility degradation upon agricultural productivity and sustainability and suggest appropriate soil management and conservation measures. Research Methodology: The methodology for this study is qualitative and quantitative, using a combination of descriptive analysis with comparative and interpretive assessments. The methodology enables an assessment of soil fertility over time spatially without having to conduct new field experiments on soil fertility. Result and Discussion: Impacts of Diminishing Soil Fertility on Agricultural Products and Productivity, Soil Management and Conservation Strategies, Limitations of the Study have been discussed. Conclusion: Soil fertility degradation in the Cooch Behar District has in fact become an obstacle to the sustainability of agricultural production.