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Development of Anti-Acne Gel Preparation of Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis Bacteria

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easms.2026.v09i01.003
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Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder frequently associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis, an aerobic bacterium. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in S. epidermidis has encouraged the exploration of alternative therapies, including herbal medicines. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) are widely used in traditional medicine and have demonstrated potential antibacterial properties. Aims: To evaluate and analyze the gel formulation of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) to identify a formulation with optimal physical characteristics and effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Method: The study employed a true experimental design with a post-test–only control group. Treatment groups received binahong leaf extract gel at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Clindamycin gel served as the positive control, while a gel base without extract was the negative control. Staphylococcus epidermidis was used as the test organism. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, and data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: All gel formulations demonstrated acceptable physical characteristics. The inhibition zone diameters of binahong leaf extract gel against Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentrations of 40% (7.6 mm) and 60% (8.3 mm) were classified as moderate, whereas concentrations of 80% (10.86 mm) and 100% (12.80 mm) exhibited strong antibacterial activity. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among treatment groups, with a p-value of < 0.05. Conclusion: Binahong leaf extract gel formulations at concentrations of 80% and 100% were identified as optimal, as they combined satisfactory physical properties with strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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Professor Thomas Count Dracula, MD, PhD

Distinguished Professor of Haematology Head — Experimental, Historical & Sensory Haematology Vlad the Impaler University, Wolf’s Lane, Wooden Stakes Grove 666, Transylvania.

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