Technical efficiency is a key factor for improving agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, where crop production is limited by resource constraints. This study conducts a systematic review of empirical studies that applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to assess technical efficiency in crop production across Sub-Saharan Africa. In total, 22 peer-reviewed studies are reviewed and synthesized to identify efficiency levels, methodological trends, and key determinants of technical efficiency. The findings indicate that crop production in sub-Saharan Africa generally operates below the production frontier, indicating that there is significant scope to increase through more efficient use of existing inputs. According to the efficiency estimates, they vary by estimation method, with DEA-based studies generally reporting higher scores than those used in SFA. So that the lower efficiency estimates in SFA studies largely stem from their explicit treatments of random shocks, indicating weather-related variability. The review highlights that farmer education and access to extension are the most common determinants of technical efficiency across the studies, while other factors with positive effects include access to credit and the adoption of improved inputs such as quality seeds, fertilizers, and farmer experience, as well as participation in farmer organizations. In contrast, climate variability tends to reduce technical efficiency.