EAS Publisher | Gastric Acidity, Mucosal Integrity, and Ulceration: A Review of the Puzzles

Gastric Acidity, Mucosal Integrity, and Ulceration: A Review of the Puzzles

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpid.2025.v07i04.008

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Peptic Ulcer Disease, PUD, is a major public concern, globally, and affects every age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. There is growing interest in phytomedicinal treatment of PUD. Patients’ compliance to orthodox drugs management of the disease declines. The psycho-economic burden worsens. The ulcers mostly occur in the stomach and proximal duodenum, characterized by mucosal damage, predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, antiplatelet agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease include abdominal pain, vomiting, reflux symptoms, and loss of appetite and weight. The disease may lead to upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and perforation or may progress to carcinoma. The stomach itself contains hydrochloric acid, but does it cause tissue injury, very frequently? What may be the best approach to the management of PUD and the complications? We have therefore attempted a review of history, available findings, recent advances, and challenges in gastrointestinal tract research.

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