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Anesthetic Management of Peri-Partum Hemorrhagic Shock in Sub-Saharan Africa

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjacc.2025.v07i06.003
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Introduction: Obstetric bleeding is bleeding during pregnancy that occurs before, during or after childbirth. They can evolve very quickly towards hemorrhagic shock even in patients without known risk factors. The management of these pathological conditions must not give way to improvisation and must involve the obstetrician, the anesthetist-resuscitator, the midwives and the blood bank. Objective: Evaluate the management of cases of hemorrhagic shock in the peri-partum. Patients and Method: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study over a period of 3 years from January, 2022 to December 31th, 2024. We had included all the parturients who presented a hemorrhagic shock pre-operatively as well as those who presented a hemorrhagic shock occurred during surgery. Result: During the study period, we compared 62 patients with a frequency of hemorrhagic shock in obstetric emergency of 11.5%. The average age of the patients was 29.9 years with extremes of 19 and 43 years. Six patients presented a scarred uterus (9.67%). The most common cause of hemorrhagic shock was recurrent hematoma (46.8%) followed by postpartum hemorrhages (19.22%). Disorders of consciousness were present at the installation in 19% of patients and 85% had a Shock Index greater than 0.9. General anesthesia was used in 98.4% of patients including those for whom spinal anesthesia was converted. A transfusion was made in 64.5% of the patients with an average of 0.73 units of blood per patient. Vasopressors (Noradrenaline ++) were administered to 82.3% of the patients. We had recorded 4 maternal deaths (6.45%) and 79% of perinatal deaths. Conclusion: Hemorrhagic shock constitutes extreme therapeutic emergencies in obstetrics. The anesthetist-resuscitator plays a leading role in managing the complications caused by this pathology. Our study highlights the need to improve the availability of labile blood products in our health structures.

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Professor Thomas Count Dracula, MD, PhD

Distinguished Professor of Haematology Head — Experimental, Historical & Sensory Haematology Vlad the Impaler University, Wolf’s Lane, Wooden Stakes Grove 666, Transylvania.

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