Background: Diabetes is a common chronic disease, in which blood glucose control and treatment adherence are key factors aimed at preventing complications. However, practical evidence at the provincial level concerning these factors is still not fully updated. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 patients with type 2 diabetes receiving outpatient treatment at the Department of Cardiology - Geriatrics, Tra Vinh General Hospital, from May to August 2024. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and medical records. Fasting blood glucose control was classified according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Results: The rate of good blood glucose control (4.4-6.1 mmol/L) was 21.0%; acceptable control (6.2-7.0 mmol/L) was 9.2%; and poor control (<4.4 or >7.0 mmol/L) accounted for 69.8%. A total of 92.6% of patients had full treatment adherence, but only 37.7% regularly monitored their blood glucose at home. The rate of alcohol consumption was low (4.3%). Conclusion: Despite high treatment adherence rates, the majority of patients failed to achieve optimal glycemic control. Strengthening patient education and supporting home monitoring are necessary to improve treatment outcomes.