This study investigates the continuity of Romanian culture through its central pillars: language, folklore, spirituality, and artistic expression. It argues that Romanian national identity is not static but an evolving and adaptive system that has persisted through political change, foreign influence, and globalization. Drawing on verified data from UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, the Romanian Ministry of Culture’s national digitization initiatives (RO-CULTURA Programme, 2023–2026), Europeana’s country report on Romania (2025), and institutional archives, the research analyzes how traditional and modern mechanisms sustain cultural resilience. Using a qualitative, historical-analytical approach combined with digital ethnography, the study examines how linguistic unity, folk traditions, spirituality, and digital innovation reinforce cultural identity. Findings show that the Romanian language remains the unifying foundation of national consciousness; traditional customs such as Călușul, Doina, Horezu ceramics, and Mărțișor (recognized by UNESCO) have adapted to modern life and digital representation; and Eastern Orthodoxy continues to function as a moral and aesthetic anchor of Romanian society. The growing role of digital preservation, through platforms such as Europeana and the Ministry of Culture’s e-Heritage portal, demonstrates that technology now serves as an instrument of continuity rather than disruption. The study concludes that Romania’s cultural resilience results from the interaction between linguistic heritage, traditional creativity, spiritual revival, and digital innovation. This synthesis of ancient and modern elements offers a sustainable model for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage in the digital age and contributes to UNESCO’s broader objectives of preserving cultural diversity worldwide.