This study explores the influence of cultural practices on maternal health outcomes in Taraba State, Nigeria, aiming to understand how traditional birthing and postpartum care practices impact maternal mortality and morbidity rates. The study also investigates barriers to accessing modern maternal healthcare services due to cultural beliefs and practices. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing findings from various studies on traditional birth attendants (TBAs), contraceptive use, maternal mortality trends, and integrated maternal health programs. Key findings reveal a persistent reliance on traditional birthing practices facilitated by TBAs, who face significant challenges such as inadequate resources and inconsistent adherence to modern healthcare standards. Cultural and religious factors were identified as major determinants affecting the uptake of modern family planning methods. Integrated maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) programs showed promising results in reducing maternal mortality and improving health outcomes, highlighting the potential of comprehensive healthcare initiatives to overcome cultural barriers. Based on these findings, the study recommends continuous training and support for TBAs, community engagement and education on contraception, implementation of WHO-recommended maternal death reviews and surveillance, and the promotion of cultural competence among healthcare providers. These strategies aim to integrate beneficial cultural practices into modern maternal healthcare frameworks, enhancing maternal health outcomes while respecting and leveraging cultural diversity. By adopting these approaches, stakeholders can improve healthcare access, quality, and outcomes for mothers in Taraba State, fostering a sustainable and culturally sensitive healthcare system.