The integration of artificial intelligence with digital dentistry represents a transformative shift in contemporary oral healthcare. Over the past two decades, digital technologies such as intraoral scanning, cone-beam computed tomography, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, and 3D printing have revolutionized diagnostics, treatment planning, and prosthetic fabrication. Parallel advancements in AI, particularly machine learning and deep learning, have expanded dentistry’s potential for enhanced diagnostic precision, predictive analytics, and personalized care. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications across major dental specialties, including caries detection, orthodontic planning, prosthodontic design, implantology, endodontics, periodontology, and forensic odontology. Further, the paper highlights synergies between AI and digital workflows such as intraoral scanning, 3D printing, and tele-dentistry, underscoring their role in improving efficiency, reducing chairside time, and enhancing patient outcomes. While AI offers significant benefits, challenges related to data privacy, standardization, accessibility, and clinician acceptance remain barriers to widespread adoption. Future directions emphasize integration with robotics, predictive analytics, cloud-based platforms, and robust ethical frameworks to ensure equitable, evidence-based practice. Collectively, AI is poised to serve as a collaborative partner in dentistry, augmenting clinician expertise and driving the transition toward a predictive, preventive, and patient-centered model of care.