Abstract: This study explores the impact of an aging farming population on agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods in Ondo State, Nigeria. With an average farmer age of 65, concerns about declining productivity, succession challenges, and rural economic sustainability become inevitable. The research identifies key issues such as reduced farm output, informal succession planning, low technology adoption, and youth disinterest in agriculture as contributory factors. Findings indicate that many aging farmers are shifting to non-farm occupations, while others plan to transfer their farmland informally, which further increases the risk of farm abandonment. Government intervention through social security packages, grants support, and low-interest agricultural loans could incentivize youth to participate in agriculture, additionally, the government can introduce grants, low-interest loans, and training programs to attract young people to agriculture, ensuring a smooth transition of knowledge and resources. Future research should examine regional differences and health-related productivity impacts. This study contributes valuable insights into agricultural policy and rural development strategies.