Drought has emerged as a critical threat to food security in Bangladesh, a country heavily reliant on agriculture for economic stability and livelihoods. This study explores the causes, impacts, and vulnerabilities associated with drought, focusing on its effects on agricultural productivity and food availability. Drought in Bangladesh is driven by inadequate rainfall, regional disparities in precipitation, and the escalating effects of climate change, including rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns. These factors have led to significant crop losses, particularly in staple foods like rice, wheat, and potatoes, resulting in higher food prices, reduced dietary diversity, and increased malnutrition, especially among vulnerable populations such as women and children. The northwestern and southwestern regions of Bangladesh are particularly susceptible to drought, with smallholder farmers bearing the brunt of its impacts due to limited resources for adaptation. Long-term consequences, including soil degradation, declining groundwater levels, and reduced agricultural resilience, further exacerbate food insecurity. While the government and international organizations have implemented measures such as drought-resistant crops, improved water management, and early warning systems, challenges like inadequate funding and infrastructure limit their effectiveness. To address these challenges, this study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates climate adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and social protection measures. Investments in resilient crop varieties, affordable irrigation technologies, and community-based initiatives like rainwater harvesting are essential to enhance agricultural resilience. Strengthening social safety nets and supporting vulnerable populations during periods of food scarcity are also critical. By adopting a comprehensive strategy, Bangladesh can mitigate the impacts of drought, build resilience in its agricultural systems,