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Multi Drug Resistance, Extensive Drug Resistance, and Pan Drug Resistance Enterobacterales from Clinical Samples in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpid.2025.v07i01.001
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is now recognized as one of the most serious global threats to human health in the 21st century. This study is set out to investigate the resistance pattern of Enterobacterales from clinical isolates in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Three hundred and twenty isolates of Enterobacterales were isolated from different clinical samples and identified using the Analytical Profile Index 20E. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the antibiotics tested include Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Penicillin G, Amikacin, Meropenem, Cotrimoxazole and Gentamicin. Classification into multi drug resistance (MDR), Extensive drug resistance (XDR) and Pan drug resistance (PDR) was done using the international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences v23. Escherichia coli 165 (51.6%) was the most often isolated bacterium, followed in that other by Klebsiella pneumoniae 93 (29.1%). The highest level of resistance was observed in Co-trimoxazole 278 (86.9%), while the least was observed in Meropenem 49 (15.3%). Amikacin 92 (28.7%), Augmentin 178 (55.6%), Ceftriaxone 164 (51.4%), Ceftazidime 187 (58.4%), Gentamicin 192 (60.0%), Cefepime 113 (35.3%), Ciprofloxacin 120 (43.8%), and Penicillin G 278 (86.9%). Multi drug, Extensive drug and Pan drug resistance accounts for 80.3%, 11.9% and 4.0% respectively. The prevalence of the quinolone resistance gene was found to be 5.3%. This study addressed some key knowledge gaps as pertains to antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in our region, making a significant contribution towards filling the global resistance map.

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Dr. Afroza Begum

Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College & Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh

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