Background: The preschool age is an important period for oral health because all deciduous teeth have erupted. They are vulnerable to dental and oral diseases as they still require assistance and guidance from parents in maintaining oral hygiene. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the role of parents and the oral hygiene status of preschool children in the agricultural area of Jember, Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among preschool children and their parents in the Jelbuk subdistrict, Jember regency, East Java province, Indonesia. A total of 260 mothers and their children were involved in this study. The sampling method employed was cluster sampling. The parents' role is assessed by filling out a questionnaire sheet and examining oral hygiene status in children using the Debris Index (DI). A Spearman test was performed to find the association of parent roles in the oral hygiene status of preschool children. Results: The role of parents showed that 66.2% of parents were highly involved. The mean of DI was 0.79, which was categorized as moderate. There is a significant correlation between the role of parents and the oral hygiene status of preschool children (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Parents have an important role in maintaining the oral health of preschool children.