Anti-patterns are flaws that adversely impact the quality of the system. The term "Code Smell" refers to a sign that there are anti-patterns in software, which prompts system restructuring. As a result, managing the maintenance becomes challenging. Refactoring is required more when the number of smells increases. Different methods for detecting anti-patterns in the system have been found. The research sought to examine how anti-patterns affect classes and which specific anti-patterns have a greater influence than others. A conclusion has been reached regarding the findings for upcoming research on open-source systems. The introduction is followed by the various anti-patterns in the first of the paper's four sections. Additionally, the associated work has been thoroughly analysed, followed by a succinct conclusion. Thus, the study presents many methods for identifying software system code smells. Therefore, odour detection will be useful in increasing reliability during testing and maintenance phases by foreseeing anti-patterns and errors before to product delivery. Additionally, the community of software engineers and managers will benefit from the identification of anti-patterns by using it to enhance software development maintenance efforts.