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Risk Factors and Foeto-Maternal Outcomes of Abruptio Placentae at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijmb.2023.v05i02.003
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Abruptio placentae is a dire obstetric emergency and is associated with adverse foeto-maternal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the risk factors and foeto-maternal outcomes of abruptio placentae at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of all cases of abruptio placentae managed at RSUTH from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2021. Data were analysed using IBM, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25.0 Armonk, New York. Results: Over the period reviewed, there were sixty-eight (68) cases of abruptio placentae and 14,195 deliveries recorded. The prevalence of abruptio placentae was 4.8/1000 deliveries or 0.48%. The mean (SD) age of study participants was 32.7 (4.8), 95% Confidence Interval (CI):31.5,33.9. The majority 66 (97.1%) had formal education, 65 (95.6%) were Christians and 63(92.6%) had emergency caesarean section. The risk factors identified in order of decreasing occurrence were hypertensive heart diseases (55.9%), Abdominal massage (17.6%), retroplacental fibroid (14.7%), polyhydramnios (7.4%) and Premature rupture of foetal membranes (4.4%). There was no maternal death. The most common maternal complication was the need for blood transfusion (43.9%), followed by preterm delivery (30.4%). Forty- three (60.6%) of the foetuses were males while 28(39.4%) were females. The commonest foetal complication was admission into Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) 37(47.4%). The stillbirth rate was 5.1%. Conclusion: Abruptio placentae is not uncommon at the RSUTH and hypertensive heart disease was the most common risk factor observed. The commonest foetal and maternal complications were need for blood transfusion and admission into Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU). Knowledge of this would be helpful in the management of patient with placental abruption for improved foeto-maternal outcome.

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Dr. Afroza Begum

Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College & Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh

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