Background: Anemia is the most common haematological abnormalities in chronic renal failure. It has a public health importance in developing countries. In chronic renal failure patients, RBC count Hb concentration, hematocrit and platelet count were significantly reduced. There has been a strong association of hemodialysis (HD) and hepatitis viruses infection. Liver disease may be one of the factors, that affecting erythropiesis. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the haematological alterations and the prevalence of anemia in hemodialysis patients infected with hepatitis HBV and HCV in Western Libya. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 hemodialysis patients infected with hepatitis (50 HBV and 50 HCV) from October 2018 to October 2021 as case group and a group of 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Ethical approve and patients consent statement were taken from everyone and the study was performed in Surman Dialysis Clinic and Zawia Kidney Center in West Libya. 3 mL of blood from each participant was drawn by venipuncture into dipotassium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate containing Vacutainer tubes. All samples were processed for analysis immediately after collection. Peripheral blood baseline parameters were measured using Sysmex KX 21 analyzer. Results: The results showed a significant (P<0.01) decreased in RBCs counts, hemoglobin content, Hematocrit value, lymphocytes %, and blood platelets count, and increased in neutrophils %, and mixed % in the HBV, and HCV infected hemodialysis patients compared with the healthy individuals. 78% of HBV infected hemodialysis patients and 74% of HCV infected hemodialysis patients were anemic. The degrees of anemia were 56%, and 48% mild anemia, 26% and 20% moderate anemia, and 18% and 6% severe anemia in anemic HBV and HCV infected hemodialysis patients, respectively. In severe, moderate, and mild anemic HBV and HCV infected hemodialysis patients, the RBCs counts, hemoglobin content, ............