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Lifestyles and their impact on Depression

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easms.2021.v04i10.003
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Depression is a major mental health disease and a leading cause of disability. It is estimated that almost 10% of the world’s population suffer from depression at some time during their life. Major depressive disorder is diagnosed in most patients suffering from depression. It is diagnosed by the presence of a cluster of five symptoms, present within a 2-week period4. These symptoms should occur independently of physical illness, normal bereavement, alcohol or drugs: abnormal depressed mood; abnormal loss of interest and pleasure; appetite or weight disturbance; sleep disturbance; disturbance in activity (agitation or slowing); abnormal fatigue or loss of energy; abnormal self-reproach or inappropriate guilt; poor concentration or indecisiveness; and morbid thoughts of death or suicide The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition requires that one of the symptoms should be either a depressed mood or anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure). Secondary symptoms may be appetite or weight changes, sleep difficulties (insomnia or hypersomnia), psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, diminished ability to think or concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, and thoughts or actions of suicide. The etiology of depression is multifactorial5. Besides the emotional suffering and the social repercussions, depression is often a comorbid condition with several major chronic ailments, like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. It deleteriously impacts these ailments and increases premature mortality. Several lifestyle behaviors have a mitigating effect on depression. These include non-smoking, abstinence or low to moderate alcohol intake, a normal body mass index, avoidance of sedentary behavior and regular exercise, and eating a healthy diet. These lifestyles also favorably impact other co-existing diseases.

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Dr. Afroza Begum

Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College & Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh

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