Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is a common health concern worldwide. It is the most prevalent musculoskeletal problem and one of the most common causes of disability in developed nations. This study was conducted to determine the clinical patterns and associated factors of CLBP in patients who are attended at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza Tanzania in order to assist in designing CLBP preventive measures. This was cross-sectional analytical study conducted between July 2019 and November 2019 in the Orthopaedic Clinic of Bugando Medical Centre and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 228 candidates were enrolled in the study. Majority of the candidates were male 141 (61.84%), the mean age of the candidates was 51.8 (±14.2). Two hundred and twenty five (98.68%) candidates had CLBP on exertion with 192 (84.21%) candidates experienced radicular neuropathic pain to the lower limbs. Severity of CLBP was significantly associated (p< 0.05) with age group, marital status, occupation, previous back pain, prolonged static work posture, heavy physical work and obesity. All candidates had some functional disability with the majority presenting with moderate functional disability. CLBP mostly affects mostly males in the working age group with majority presenting with pain on exertion and radicular neuropathic pain to the lower limbs. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent CLBP including ergonomic assessment of the home and work place as well as routine public health promotions on appropriate back postures and uses.